As previously stated on this site, I have been planning this research on possible meat quality defects in Fawn Calf Syndrome (FCS) for some time.
The 5 surviving FCS calves in my small FCS research herd are now between 2 and 6 months of age and all are available for this research involving both biomechanical and organoleptic (taste panel) testing.
I was therefore not only surprised but also very pleased when Prof. Switzer contacted me a few days ago suggesting he could assist with some funding for this work. I subsequently gave him a rough estimate of the anticipated cost of this research.
Costing of any research that I am able to participate in personally will ultimately have to be undertaken using the NSW Government's Department of Industry and Investment R&D Project Costing Program. The FCS cattle that I work with all belong to the NSW Government and the costing of any research involving them must be done according to the Department's established R&D costing formulae. This is a mandatory and fixed costing protocol that covers all departmental R&D projects.
To ensure adequate sensitivity in the trial and appropriate statistical analysis, replicates are necessary. This replication involves not only the need for several animals in each group (test and control) but also several muscle sites within each carcase because some muscles could be affected but not others, depending on their different myofibre types and the endomycial connective tissue composition.
A comparison of meat from one FCS affected and one normal animal from different backgrounds would not be useful, given the extent of normal variation in the population and the many factors affecting meat quality that would not be controlled in that type of comparison. I therefore do not believe a "proof of concept" or pilot trial involving only one FCS affected and one normal animal would be worthwhile, but it would reduce the number of FCS cases subsequently available for a properly designed trial and hence would compromise the potential power of that proper trial.
In a way, the suggested "proof of concept" has already been completed. An informal comparison between FCS meat and the FCS meat eater's prior experience of grocery store beef in an uncontrolled situation appears to be exactly what has been reported here on ACS and elsewhere, involving more than one FCS animal and many normal animals.
Unless we assume that the people who have reported FCS meat to be abnormal are all deliberately misleading us, which seems unlikely, then I think an adequate "proof of concept" is already to hand.
As the FCS affected calves are still unweaned, this proposed trial on FCS meat quality is still about a year off. I am advised by the meat science experts in my Department that meat quality comparisons involving tenderness and flavour parameters should not be undertaken with cattle less than 15 months of age. So, even if funding is obtained, we are still some time off from an answer to this question about the consumer acceptability of FCS meat.
In my view, it is unlikely that FCS meat will be entirely inedible, but it may be suitable only for certain lower grade manufacturing purposes. If this is shown to be the case, it might be appropriate to ensure that carcases from FCS affected animals are diverted to such manufacturing purposes and do not enter the normal fresh meat chain. Whilst not wishing to prejudge the results of the proposed research, I doubt that the meat quality of young feedlot fed FCS affected cattle would be any worse than meat from some other animals in the human food chain, notably meat from older cull breeding animals with low body condition scores. We need to be careful not to create an impression that the quality of meat from FCS affected animals might be completely outside the normal range of meat quality in the human food chain. That is very unlikely. What is more likely is a finding that the meat quality from young feedlot finished FCS cases is outside the normal range for other well finished young animals.
The situation with heterozygous FCS carriers also needs to be assessed as there is some possibility of a lesser effect on meat quality in heterozygotes. I hope to be able to identify any abnormality in the meat from heterozygotes in the proposed trial.
With respect to the discussion above about publication of results from this proposed research, whatever the source of funding, the R&D contract will be made between my Department and the funding agency. I will not personally be a party to the R&D contract, just the Principal Investigator appointed to the project by my Department. Publication of the results in a referreed scientific journal is the expected outcome of all such R&D contracts. The R&D contract would not include any right for the funding agency to influence publication of the results. For me personally, that would be anathema. I have worked for several years now to bring the FCS phenotype and its heritability out into the light of day in the international Angus world (and I have succeeded thanks to Brian Weaver and ACS members) and I certainly do not intend to begin or allow some cover-up of details of the phenotype now, albeit that these details might involve commercially important meat quality traits. If there is an effect of FCS on meat quality, the results will be published in full in the scientific literature, probably after an initial disclosure of the results on this site.
Angus breeders on both sides of the Pacific will benefit from this proposed research, whatever the results. It seems that some North American Angus breeders do recognise this and are now attempting to raise the funds necessary for the work to progress here in Australia. I will continue to do this myself here in Australia, but I do acknowledge and very much appreciate the thoughtful assistance of colleagues in the U.S.A., in particular Prof. Switzer, who also see this research as a priority for Angus breeders.
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