BRAFORDMAN
Well-known member
I am doing some research for school.
I'm analyzing literacy in a subculture. And I chose ranchers.
Literacy can be internet, word of mouth, a book or any source of information.
Cattle practices include: vaccination programs, vitamin and mineral programs, EPDs, AI and Embryo Work, animal selection, buy or selling private treaty or at salebarn, grazing methods, etc.
What was your cattle operation like when you first got started, how has it changed?
What methods did you practice in your herd, when you started, that you do not practice anymore? Why did you stop?
What methods do you practice now that you did not practice when you first got started?
Are there any methods that are practiced now that you do not like or agree with? If so explain why you do not agree.
When you have questions whether simple or complex about your cattle operation, who, what or where do you go to? How has that changed from the start of your cattle operation to the present?
For Example: Maybe you went to your father for advice when you started running cattle, but now you go to seminars or use online information because you find it more accurate and more efficient than the practices your father did. Explain why you no longer ask your father and go to outside sources instead.
I myself have been raising registered Brahman for the past five years. I use to ask my father for advice, but later found out that some of his practices needed improvement and I was not going to be successful unless I went to other sources like the internet to research other practices, or asked people who had been in the business for a long period of time and have incorporated modern methods in their cattle operations.
My questions may seem vague, but basically why do you run your cattle operation the way you do now as opposed to how you did when you first got started? What sources of information do you use now for help as opposed to the sources you used in the past. Why did these things change?
Please include how long you have been in the cattle business. I will use your username to identify you.
Below is a Code of Ethics. Replying to this post means you are ok with me using your information in my research.
Code of Ethics
1. Respect for Persons. Respect for persons incorporates at least two ethical convictions; first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second, that persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection. The principle of respect for persons thus divides into two separate moral requirements: the requirement to acknowledge autonomy and the requirement to protect those with diminished autonomy.
2. Beneficence. Persons are treated in an ethical manner not only by respecting their decisions and protecting them from harm, but also by making efforts to secure their wellbeing. The term "beneficence" covers acts of kindness or charity that go beyond strict obligation. Two general rules: (1) do not harm and (2) maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms. I will do my best to be respectful on the blog. I do not want my data to reflect the responses of those who may be upset with me. The more respectful I am, the less bias my data will reflect.
3. Justice. An injustice occurs when some benefits to which a person is entitled is denied without good reason. Equals ought to be treated equally.. Who is equal and who is unequal? In my research we are all equal. The rules: (1) Each person's comments will be treated with respect, (2) No comment will be ignored or viewed as inferior to someone else's.
4. Informed Consent. Respect for persons required that subjects, to the degree that they are capable, be given the opportunity to choose what they want to say and what parts may be included in my research. This opportunity is provided when adequate standards for informed consent are satisfied. The consent process can be analyzed as contained three elements: information, comprehension and voluntariness.
-Information. "Most codes of research establish specific items for disclosure intended to assure that subjects are given sufficient information. These items generally include: the research procedure, their purposes, risks and anticipated benefits, alternative procedures (where therapy is involved), and a statement offering the subject the opportunity to ask questions and to withdraw at any time from the research. Additional items have been proposed, including how subjects are selected, the person responsible for the research, etc."
-Comprehension. "The manner and context in which information is conveyed is as important as the information itself. For example, presenting information in a disorganized and rapid fashion, allowing too little time for consideration or curtailing opportunities for questioning, all may adversely affect a subject's ability to make an informed choice."
-Voluntariness. "An agreement to participate in research constitutes a valid consent only if voluntarily given. This element of informed consent requires conditions free of coercion and undue influence. Coercion occurs when an overt threat of harm is intentionally presented by one person to another in order to obtain compliance. Undue influence, by contrast, occurs through an offer of an excessive. Unwarranted, inappropriate or improper reward or other overture in order to obtain compliance. Also, inducements that would ordinarily be acceptable may become undue influences if the subject is especially vulnerable."
5. Assessment of Risks and Benefits. The assessment of risks and benefits requires a careful array of relevant data, including, in some cases, alternative ways of obtaining the benefits sought in the research. Thus, the assessment presents both an opportunity and a responsibility to gather systematic and comprehensive information about proposed research. For the investigator, it is a means to examine whether the proposed research is properly designed. For a review committee, it is a method for determining whether the risks that will be presented to subjects are justified. For prospective subjects, the assessment will assist the determination whether or not to participate.
-The Nature of Scope of Risks and Benefits. "The requirement that research be justified on the basis of a favorable risk/ benefit assessment bears a close relation to the principle of beneficence, just as the moral requirement that informed consent be obtained is derived primarily from the principle of respect for persons. The term "risk" refers to a possibility that harm may occur. However, when expressions such as "small risk" or "high risk" are used, they usually refer (often ambiguously) both to the chance (probability) of experiencing a harm and the severity (magnitude) of the envisioned harm."
-The Systematic Assessment of Risks and Benefits. "It is commonly said that benefits and risks must be "balanced" and shown to be "in a favorable ratio." The metaphorical character of these terms draws attention to the difficulty of making precise judgments. Only on rare occasions will quantitative techniques be available for the scrutiny of research protocols."
-Selection of Subjects. "Just as the principle of respect for persons finds expression in the requirements for consent, and the principle of beneficence in risk/ benefit assessment, the principle of justice gives rise to moral requirement that there be fair procedure and outcomes in the selection of research subjects."
Adkins, Tabetha. "The Belmont Report." Ethnographic Inquires In Writing. First ed. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. page. Print.
I'm analyzing literacy in a subculture. And I chose ranchers.
Literacy can be internet, word of mouth, a book or any source of information.
Cattle practices include: vaccination programs, vitamin and mineral programs, EPDs, AI and Embryo Work, animal selection, buy or selling private treaty or at salebarn, grazing methods, etc.
What was your cattle operation like when you first got started, how has it changed?
What methods did you practice in your herd, when you started, that you do not practice anymore? Why did you stop?
What methods do you practice now that you did not practice when you first got started?
Are there any methods that are practiced now that you do not like or agree with? If so explain why you do not agree.
When you have questions whether simple or complex about your cattle operation, who, what or where do you go to? How has that changed from the start of your cattle operation to the present?
For Example: Maybe you went to your father for advice when you started running cattle, but now you go to seminars or use online information because you find it more accurate and more efficient than the practices your father did. Explain why you no longer ask your father and go to outside sources instead.
I myself have been raising registered Brahman for the past five years. I use to ask my father for advice, but later found out that some of his practices needed improvement and I was not going to be successful unless I went to other sources like the internet to research other practices, or asked people who had been in the business for a long period of time and have incorporated modern methods in their cattle operations.
My questions may seem vague, but basically why do you run your cattle operation the way you do now as opposed to how you did when you first got started? What sources of information do you use now for help as opposed to the sources you used in the past. Why did these things change?
Please include how long you have been in the cattle business. I will use your username to identify you.
Below is a Code of Ethics. Replying to this post means you are ok with me using your information in my research.
Code of Ethics
1. Respect for Persons. Respect for persons incorporates at least two ethical convictions; first, that individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and second, that persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection. The principle of respect for persons thus divides into two separate moral requirements: the requirement to acknowledge autonomy and the requirement to protect those with diminished autonomy.
2. Beneficence. Persons are treated in an ethical manner not only by respecting their decisions and protecting them from harm, but also by making efforts to secure their wellbeing. The term "beneficence" covers acts of kindness or charity that go beyond strict obligation. Two general rules: (1) do not harm and (2) maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms. I will do my best to be respectful on the blog. I do not want my data to reflect the responses of those who may be upset with me. The more respectful I am, the less bias my data will reflect.
3. Justice. An injustice occurs when some benefits to which a person is entitled is denied without good reason. Equals ought to be treated equally.. Who is equal and who is unequal? In my research we are all equal. The rules: (1) Each person's comments will be treated with respect, (2) No comment will be ignored or viewed as inferior to someone else's.
4. Informed Consent. Respect for persons required that subjects, to the degree that they are capable, be given the opportunity to choose what they want to say and what parts may be included in my research. This opportunity is provided when adequate standards for informed consent are satisfied. The consent process can be analyzed as contained three elements: information, comprehension and voluntariness.
-Information. "Most codes of research establish specific items for disclosure intended to assure that subjects are given sufficient information. These items generally include: the research procedure, their purposes, risks and anticipated benefits, alternative procedures (where therapy is involved), and a statement offering the subject the opportunity to ask questions and to withdraw at any time from the research. Additional items have been proposed, including how subjects are selected, the person responsible for the research, etc."
-Comprehension. "The manner and context in which information is conveyed is as important as the information itself. For example, presenting information in a disorganized and rapid fashion, allowing too little time for consideration or curtailing opportunities for questioning, all may adversely affect a subject's ability to make an informed choice."
-Voluntariness. "An agreement to participate in research constitutes a valid consent only if voluntarily given. This element of informed consent requires conditions free of coercion and undue influence. Coercion occurs when an overt threat of harm is intentionally presented by one person to another in order to obtain compliance. Undue influence, by contrast, occurs through an offer of an excessive. Unwarranted, inappropriate or improper reward or other overture in order to obtain compliance. Also, inducements that would ordinarily be acceptable may become undue influences if the subject is especially vulnerable."
5. Assessment of Risks and Benefits. The assessment of risks and benefits requires a careful array of relevant data, including, in some cases, alternative ways of obtaining the benefits sought in the research. Thus, the assessment presents both an opportunity and a responsibility to gather systematic and comprehensive information about proposed research. For the investigator, it is a means to examine whether the proposed research is properly designed. For a review committee, it is a method for determining whether the risks that will be presented to subjects are justified. For prospective subjects, the assessment will assist the determination whether or not to participate.
-The Nature of Scope of Risks and Benefits. "The requirement that research be justified on the basis of a favorable risk/ benefit assessment bears a close relation to the principle of beneficence, just as the moral requirement that informed consent be obtained is derived primarily from the principle of respect for persons. The term "risk" refers to a possibility that harm may occur. However, when expressions such as "small risk" or "high risk" are used, they usually refer (often ambiguously) both to the chance (probability) of experiencing a harm and the severity (magnitude) of the envisioned harm."
-The Systematic Assessment of Risks and Benefits. "It is commonly said that benefits and risks must be "balanced" and shown to be "in a favorable ratio." The metaphorical character of these terms draws attention to the difficulty of making precise judgments. Only on rare occasions will quantitative techniques be available for the scrutiny of research protocols."
-Selection of Subjects. "Just as the principle of respect for persons finds expression in the requirements for consent, and the principle of beneficence in risk/ benefit assessment, the principle of justice gives rise to moral requirement that there be fair procedure and outcomes in the selection of research subjects."
Adkins, Tabetha. "The Belmont Report." Ethnographic Inquires In Writing. First ed. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. page. Print.
