Regarding the whole land thing. (IMHO)
Example:
- I buy 100 shares of stock for $4,000. I sell that stock after 10 years for $8,000. That stock was an investment that rose in value 100% over the given time frame.
- Do I have any reason to "expense" a portion of that original $4,000 investment against my Wages (that I earn in my day job) over the 10 years that I owned the stock? Can't think of why I would.
- Should I reduce my "day job" earnings by the amount of money I might be able to earn had I chosen a different profession? Can't think of why I would. I make the same amount of money each pay check regardless of what I should have done for a living.
Likewise:
- I buy 80 acres for $40,000. Since the time that my family bought that land, it has risen to be worth about $80,000. That in and of itself is a sufficent return on investment in my opinion.
- For my "labor" of owning and running cows, I have no reason to amortize a portion of the original $40,000 land investment as that is not an economic expense to me.
- Economically, I can spend what I sell my cows for less what it costs to raise them. Accruing some implicit cost of land ownership against that net ecconomic earnings has no bearing on what I have left to spend after the cow sale check arives.
I think there is an argument that perhaps you should allocate your resources using a "highest and best use" type of principle. In that way, it may not make sense to own farmland as an investment. I mean, there are probably more higher producing investments out there than farm land. But that is completely independent of whether I decide to run cows on that land.
I guess there might also be an argument for using an "incremental earnings" approach to cattle. In other words, you only "make" on cows what you earn less what you could say lease out the land for that you are using to run cows. That frankly makes no sense to me, but seems like some on this thread are arguing for that kind of approach.
(IMHO)
I can see no justification for accruing an "expense" in my cost calculation for something that is NOT an economic cost to me. If I own the land, there is no "expense" to running cows on it.