Depends what vaccine you're giving. There's some that are designed to be given at birth or the first few weeks for scour protection and such. Maybe I'm wrong, but I think I heard my vet say Alpha-7 is one of those designed for young calves.
For most vaccines, such as 5-way and 8-way, I like to wait until the calf's at least 4 months. Too much less than that and the immunity derived from the colostrum interfers with the calf developing its own immunity.