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Medications
Several medications are available for inclusion in milk replacer. The decision to use a medicated milk replacer can be based on a number of factors including calf facilities, disease history and personal preference. The appropriate medication to use depends on the pathogen(s) affecting calves. The three most common milk replacer medications are described below.
Protozoa: coccidia. Coccidia are very small parasites that invade the lining the intestines. The organism is passed from animal to animal via feces and is spread through contaminated feed, water and equipment. Coccidia damage the cells of the intestinal lining. Severe coccidiosis results in bloody diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration and death.
Deccox (Decoquinate) - a coccidiostat that stops the growth of coccidia, but does not kill coccidia
- inhibits activity of the cells' mitochondria (the powerhouse of the cell)
- acts at 5 developmental stages of coccidia, providing the widest range of all the anticoccidial agents
Bovatec (Lasalocid) – a coccidiocide that kills coccidia
- an ionophore that moves potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium into the cell causing the cell to burst
- works primarily on one developmental stage
Bacteria: E. coli, Clostridia, Salmonella, Giardia
Oxytetracycline/Neomycin Base – a broad-spectrum antibiotic combination
- not effective against viruses or protozoa, but can prevent bacterial infections that occur in combination with viruses and protozoa
- may also promote growth and reduce overall medication expenses
- broad spectrum antibiotics are effective against a variety of gram negative and gram positive organisms
- advantage: high likelihood of efficacy against an unidentified pathogen
- disadvantage: high likelihood of destroying beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract