If you get sufficient coverage on a thistle with 2-4D it's not coming back. If the thistles have already bloomed they're going to die and not come back whether you spray them or not. However, if you look closely you will often find thistles in the rosette stage growing in close proximity to thistles that have gone into the flower stalk phase. They'll come back the next year unless they are sprayed because like dun said, they're a two year or perennial plant and the rosette stage is the first year.