In a previous life I was a well driller. Of course depending on the area of the US you are in well techniques vary. We used well points here for what we refer to as shallow wells (FLA). We would drive the well point into a saturated bed of hopefully shell. The well point has a fine mesh stainless screen around it and the pipe has holes or sometimes slits covered with this. We would use jet pumps to pull the water through the well point screen. The jet pump was at the surface. If the water table was really low we would use a foot valve on the end of a drop pipe.
He mentioned 18 feet I think. This is approaching the lift limit of a jet pump with a foot valve on the bottom. It completely rules out a centrifugal pump. In a 2" inch pipe you can drop 1 1/4 inch pvc if it has slip couplings built on. I normally just used a 1 inch pvc pipe with a foot valve on the bottom.
There are also injection pumps that can pull water that far up a pipe. It is typically a jet pump with a different head on the pump. I would talk to a driller in your area.
We do have deep wells here that are drilled down to a layer of rock, then a bit is driller through the rock and into (hopefully) and under ground stream. A driller will almost always know within 10-20 feet how far down he has to go depending on the area.
I am not familiar with the pump Dun mentioned but it sounds like it might work in your area. If you can find a "good" well man, they are usually willing to give advice. A "bad" well man will want to come out and charge you just to look.