"The concept of restricting cow nutrition in order to reduce calving difficulties via lighterweight calves has been tested by numerous researchers. While some, but not all, were able to reduce calf weights by at least a few pounds, it has been repeatedly proven that this does not reduce dystocia, and in some cases even increases it. In addition, the negative effects of inadequate nutrition during late pregnancy can include delayed rebreeding, reductions in overall pregnancy rates, lighter weaning weights, and increased neonatal mortality."