Much Ado about Marbling
John R, Brethour, Professor
Beef Cattle Science
KSU Agricultural Research Center – Hays
1232 240th Avenue
Hays, Kansas 67601
[email protected]
What is marbling?
Marbling refers to the little specks of fat dispersed in lean tissue that translates into
big bucks for the beef producer. It is considered the best indicator of eating satisfaction when
consumers enjoy beef. Higher levels of marbling result in better flavor and juiciness.
Although marbling does not guarantee tenderness, well marbled beef can be cooked to a
higher degree of doneness and still maintain juiciness. This seems especially important for
roasts.
Why is it important?
Marbling is almost the sole indicator of USDA quality grade, which ranges from
Standard to Prime. Although some people contend that well marbled beef is too fat to be
healthy, there is only 4.5 percent fat in a trimmed Low Choice rib steak. In recent years there
has been a proliferation of branded products such as Certified Angus Beef and Sterling Silver
using carcasses that grade Average Choice and higher. Often the grades Average Choice and
High Choice are referred to as Premium Choice. Only 2 percent of all carcasses grade Prime
while about 50% grade Choice. Beef with virtually no marbling that would grade USDA
Standard is usually left ungraded but some brands such as "Laura's Lean" actually specify
beef with little or no marbling.
Breeds and marbling
Marbling is very highly related to breed.
Jersey is especially high in marbling but the
Japanese Wagyu probably is the highest marbling breed in the world. In Japan there are three
marbling grades above the USDA High Prime and fat content in the rib eye muscle
sometimes is 45 percent and higher (10 times the amount in USDA Low Choice).