you can put fertilizer on at any time, but nitrogen will only work for 30 days or so , depending on conditions.argued with some on here before about the soil tests . i have seen guys take samples from field & from their cellar & come back the same.they used to claim most grass crops take around 200 lbs of fertilizer from the ground each year. personally, since fertilizer has gotten higher , i let the legumes fertilize the grass. experts claim there is not much difference in yield from grass that is fertilized & grass & legume mixed without fertilizer. i used to put 2-300 lbs of triple 15 or 17 a year & always got good growth. they also say if you can only afford fertilizer or lime, put down lime. lime takes a few months to work though, but it makes any nutrients in the soil more available. there was a program of rfd the other night saying you could fertilize for heavy stocking rates but sometimes it is more profitable to keep fewer cows & use less. that's what i have been figuring also. kind of like when i was dairying, some guys would go for feeding cows to get over 20,000 lbs of milk, but some of those guys went broke because it cost them to much to do that. there is always a balance somewhere.