I would suggest that it was blackleg... they're okay, then dead is typical. If it was dry, and many times cooler/cold temps.... then you went to wet, and warmer, the clostridium spores will basically "explode"... and they will ingest them. It can happen to calves often as young as 2 months, but most often seen in cattle 4 months and up.
We have had it happen in the younger animals.
Sometimes they won't show any symptoms, but look fine and dead the next day. Some will get a fever but again, it progresses FAST...
We vaccinate our cows for blackleg when we preg check. CHEAP insurance and they pass a better immune response in their colostrum and milk.
Most calves are protected for 4-10 weeks from their mother's milk. There are arguments that giving a blackleg shot at birth is counter indicative. We give them a shot when they get worked to go to pasture, most are 4-8 weeks old.