the foetal growth rate isn't a straight line, but rather a hyperbole, meaning the growth rate or rather weight gain in the uterus increases with the length of gestation. So in short it should theoretically have a big influence on BW if the gestation is say 7 days shorter than usual in comparison 7 days longer than usual.
This is complicated maths and unless a study has been done on this with a standard graph drawn up to be used as a general rule of thumb, I see more questions than answers in the application in practice. Then there is also the cow's ability to limit foetal growth while other don't have that ability to the same degree. That's the reason why similar genetics under similar conditions bred to a highly proven bull as far as birthweight goes can throw such a variety of actual BWs when theoretically they should all be very similar.