Cattle Grub (Heel Fly)
Cattle grubs cause economic losses because they reduce milk production, weight gain, feed efficiency and hide value. Losses also are suffered with carcass trim and lower meat quality.
Cattle grubs are the larval stage of heel flies. Adult heel flies emerge in late winter, spring or summer. Female flies lay eggs on the legs and lower body regions of cattle. Heel fly activity causes cattle to run widely with tails in the air [gadding), o r to stand in water to protect themselves. Eggs attached to the hairs hatch into tiny larvae that penetrate the skin and begin to migrate through the body of the animal. Larvae congregate in the tissues of the esophagus, but eventually move to the back in later summer, fall or winter. Grubs develop with a "cyst" or "warble" just under the skin on the back. After 6 to 8 weeks, grubs leave the animal's body through holes cut in the hide, fall to the soil and pupate.
Although cattle grubs can be controlled after they reach the animal's back, earlier control is preferable. Once the grubs reach the back, most of the damage has been done.
Systemic pesticides administered as sprays, dips, pour-ons, boluses and injectables are distributed through the animal's body; systemic pesticides destroy cattle grubs by contact action. To avoid the possibility of a host-parasite reaction, cattle should be treated with systemics as soon as possible after heel fly activity ceases but not within a 6- to 7-week period prior to the expected appearance of grubs in the back. Typical host-parasite reaction symptoms include a swollen esophagus, bloat, profuse sa livation, discomfort and, in extreme cases, death. Do not confuse a host-parasite reaction with organophosphate poisoning, which is quite similar. Atropine, an antidote for OP poisoning, is NOT RECOMMENDED for a host-parasite reaction and may make the pro blem worse.