Heel flys, the warble stage, drop to the gound and pupate. It takes a month to 2 months for them to become flys. While breaking the cycle by treating for grubs in theory should completely liminate the cursed heel fly (gad fly) it doesn;t seem to work. Each year we have a few heel flys and we've treated for them for years. The only other cattle that are even fairly close are the dairy heifers and I know they're treated for grubs every year also. I sometimes think they may be like weed seeds that can sit in the ground for years until conditions are just right and then pop up.
Do you think it might be a regional thing as well? We haven't had a problem with heel flies for quite a few years now, but we always treated every year, anyway.
Horse flys about all you can realisticly do is prevent muddy wet spots where they lay their eggs.
Horse flies are attracted to urine. We used to have one or two show up from time to time, then we got certain young college kids in, they wouldn't clean their runs, and within a few weeks, we were killing 12-14 of the darned things in a matter of several days - always around the runs where the dirty, wet runs were. They moved on, and the number of horse flies dropped dramatically.
dun