We get something very similar in this area usually in late winter -early spring, and its not lice, and not usually mange.
Usually effects younger animals more than older, but not uncommon in older animals either.
Seems to be caused by the immune system getting low, maybe partly caused by low sunlight conditions of winter, long feeding of hay and no good green grass for months, and the result is the immune system gets low.
Heard somewhere a lack of vit--D and E in particular has an effect.
There does seem to be some sort of skin "bug" involved even though there is nothing visible, maybe taking advantage due to the low immune system, because if you ivomec them, in about 10 days or so they tend to stop the violent scratching and rubbing.
Some people tend to do nothing, but I prefer to ivomec, as I have seen some really bare looking cattle, and they tend to not gain as well as they are busy scratching instead of laying down chewing their cud.
Around here we tend to just call it the "winter itch"...