I noticed someone asked what the difference between RFID and EID tags are. My "real" job is in electronics and industrial automation, so I figured I'd chime in <grin>.
EID can refer to any type of electronic tagging mechanism, from barcodes to Smart Cards to radio frequency (RF) tags.
Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) comes in two flavors currently: passive and acitve.
The passive RF devices have to be excited by an RF field in close proximity before they "chirp" their data - they have no internal (battery). A passive RFID tag is basically an LC tank circuit (capacitor-inductor network which resonates when excited with a specific frequency). The data on the tag is read-only - it can't be changed once the tag has been manufactured. An example is the majority of anti-theft tags used in stores. When you walk through the "pillars" at the front of the store, you pass through an RF field which will excite a passive RFID device (if it hasn't been erased by the sales person). The RF field scanning the device has to be within farily close proximity (a few feet) to read data from the device. The upside is these types of devices are very cheap. But not practical (in my opinion) for useful cattle tracking.
The more talked about technology nowadays is acitve RFID. Active devices have a battery of their own and "chirp" their data whenever they receive an signal to do so. The data storage can be dynamic, meaning the information on the tag can be changed or added to. Active RFID have a much longer range (currently exceeding 30') and can be dynamicaly "reprogrammed" to store additional information. But active RFID requires a power source, such as a battery, inside the device. The devices are much more expensive compared to passive RFID.
Regardless of whether passive or active technology is used, for comprehensive tracking of cattle around a feedlot lets say, would require a network of sensors. With acitve RFID, the number of sensors required is significantly reduced.
Manual scanning (ie with barcodes) still introuduces the problem of human error (missing an animal), and the data can't be changed or added to on the actual tag.
For anyone that's REALLY into this stuff, IEC SC 31, "Automatic Identification and Data Capture" sets the standards for RFID systems. ISO 11785, "Radio Frequency Identification of Animals", deals specifically with our industry. It's worth noting ya can't look at these standards for free - you have to buy them

...and they ain't cheap.
Canada will require by 1 September 2006 that all cattle leaving their herd have an RFID tag. Further info at
http://www.canadaid.ca.
Mike Bishop -
http://www.flbullrider.com - (and IEEE associate since 2000)
I'm now taking off my geek glasses and puttin' my cowboy hat back on 8)