First off, as seedstock producers shouldn't we aim for perfect (in everything) instead of just functional. If your not trying to improve in everything that needs improving, why be a seedstock producer. Why do something's need special attention, why, because I'd bet it was one of the first things Jake looked at, and if there was someway to tell how many ancestors of those cows had prolapsed, that would have been the second thing he looked for. It's not today's Herefords that hurt us, history does. Cleaning up udders is NOT single trait selection, it's basic good seedstock producer selection, if we really what breeders like Jake to say, "hey they really have cleaned up their act, I'll try a Hereford bull on my black cows", as you can see, just having "functional" udders, not going to do it.