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Jonathan Lundgren’s “For Every Pest, There Are 1,700 Predators” Insight
Jonathan Lundgren, a South Dakota-based agroecologist and former USDA researcher, is known for emphasizing the
vast biodiversity of insects and the critical role of beneficial species in agriculture. His well‑known statement —
“For every pest there are 1,700 beneficial or neutral insects” — reflects decades of research showing that the majority of insects are not harmful to crops
Green Cover+1.
Why the Ratio Matters
Lundgren’s work, including the
South Dakota Corn Insect Survey, found that in untreated corn fields, each acre could host
147,000 predator insects such as lady beetles, lacewings, syrphid flies, spiders, and predatory beetles
www.dtnpf.com. Of the 107 insect species found in corn canopies, only about 13% were known herbivore pests, and these rarely reached economic thresholds due to the abundance of natural predators
www.dtnpf.com.
Roles of Beneficial Insects
These “friendlies” provide multiple services:
- Predation on pests — e.g., lady beetles and lacewings eat aphids; carabid beetles and spiders target rootworm larvae Green Cover+1.
- Pollination — many beneficial insects pollinate crops, contributing to yields of fruits, vegetables, and even major staples like soybeans Green Cover.
- Weed seed predation — some predators consume weed seeds, reducing competition for crops www.dtnpf.com.
- Ecosystem engineering — insects like dung beetles recycle nutrients and improve soil health Land Stewardship Project.
Implications for Farming
Lundgren argues that
pest management should not come at the expense of beneficial insects. Practices that support biodiversity — such as:
- Cover crops to provide habitat and food
- Insectary strips and companion planting
- Reduced tillage and pesticide use
- Diverse crop rotations Green Cover+1
— can maintain or boost predator populations, making farms more resilient and less reliant on chemical controls.
Biodiversity Loss
Lundgren warns that industrialized, monocultural farming is driving insect declines, with some regions losing up to 4% of insect populations annually
Land Stewardship Project+1. This loss reduces the “natural pest control army” and threatens agricultural productivity.
In short: Lundgren’s ratio underscores that healthy farms are built on
insect diversity, not just pest control. By fostering beneficial insects, farmers can save billions in production costs, improve yields, and support ecosystem resilience
Green Cover+2.