I knew better - I'm a veterinarian - but like anyone else, I was all about gettin' it done quick and cheap.
'Twas not the thing to do.
I'd rocked along for 10-15 years with this closed herd of cattle (Knersie, you may THINK your herd is clean, but you may be deceiving yourself.) then, started losing a cow to lymphosarcoma once every couple of years, then it escalated to one or two every year. When I tested the mature cow herd, I had a 90+% BLV infection rate - enhanced, I am sure, by using the same needle on cow after cow, in and out of the vaccine bottle, until it got so dull I couldn't shove it through the skin again.
I may never get this mess cleaned up, as all the literature suggests that in herds with BLV-infection rates above 40%, it's nearly impossible to eradicate unless you separate into infected and non-infected herds.
But, for now, one needle goes into the vaccine/medicine bottle; no in-and-out with a used needle. Every 'known' uninfected animal, and any heifers that have been born since the whole-herd test, 3 years ago, get their own new, sterile needle for each injection. I will 'double-up' if I can: If I'm giving a MLV vaccine and a killed bacterin, I'll give the MLV injection, then switch that needle to the syringe with the killed product - but only for that one animal.
I'll reuse needles on cows that I know are BLV-positive - the damage is already done to them - and steers. Any known BLV-infected animals are leaving once they hit 10 yrs of age, regardless of productivity. Once the original group of tested cows leaves, in 2012, I'll retest the whole herd again to see if I've made any headway.
Yes, it takes a few seconds more to switch to a new needle for each animal, and probably adds up to a few dollars every year, but if you're maintaining a cow herd(even if it's just commercial cows, like mine) or producing seedstock(bulls or heifers/cows) I'd recommend a new needle for each animal, and no 'in and out' of the vaccine bottle with a used needle. Stocker steers? OK, I'd probably reuse needles, 'cause, even if one is BLV-positive, any that you manage to infect by using a 'dirty' needle will probably be eaten long before BLV could cause any problems.
Good info on BLV infection and management here:
http://nyschap.vet.cornell.edu/module/l ... chure.pdfo