Pathogenic Microbes of Bovines

[inyati13]

Use the model M5Farm is employing in the Coffee Shop for "interview the person below you". Answer the question posed and ask a question for the USER below. The subject is Pathogenic Microbes of Bovines. This is a universal topic. Keep in mind that Eland are raised for meat in some parts of the world so this does not have to be limited to cattle.

Clostridium tetani is a ubiquitous anaerobic microbe in the environment. The mode of transmission does not require another infected animal. It is naturally occurring in the environment as spores in the soil and in the digestive system of Bovines. Tetanus toxiod vaccines are very effective in providing protection and tetanus antitoxin is effective in treatment or short term protection for an injury or castration.

What microbe is most common in the cause of footrot? And what is the pathway of transmission?

 

[M5farm]

Wrong forum Inyati. This is cattle today not today's cattle where sirloin an nclix hang out.

 

[inyati13]

I predict this does not go 2 pages

You are on. It will get beyond 2 pages if I have to do it myself. :lol:

 

[M5farm]

I predict this does not go 2 pages

You are on. It will get beyond 2 pages if I have to do it myself. :lol:

So your going to employ cg8 method of continual post until some one agrues your conversation with yourself.

 

[inyati13]

Darryl,

You got it wrong on this one. I thought this might have merit if not that is fine too.

 

[M5farm]

Darryl,

You got it wrong on this one. I thought this might have merit if not that is fine too.

No its a good thread but I need it dumbed down some for me to participate.

 

[highgrit]

I'm interested in cattle. But that's over my head.
I wish I could remember the line, but it goes something like this. KISS. Maybe it was a quote from Tom Lassiter, I think CB. used to have it as his signature line?

 

[TennesseeTuxedo]

I tried to cheat and googled for an answer and it lead me back here.

Talk about a vicious cycle.

 

[regolith]

What microbe is most common in the cause of footrot? And what is the pathway of transmission?

I don't know the name of the bug(s) involved but I do know they are common in the environment. Usually an injury between the claws allows the infection to gain access through broken skin. Symptoms of heat, swelling, severe lameness in that foot.
The pathogens involved are sensitive to penicillin. Checking the foot and removal of foreign objects is indicated, there's only so much penicillin can do if you're gonna leave a stone jammed in the interdigital area.
Give me a minute I'll probably find that name, but we don't need a specific Latin name to diagnose, treat or prevent most common cattle conditions.

Okay, I have a question (two). How common is salmonella as an infective agent in cattle, and what symptoms does it cause?

 

[regolith]

Inyati re. footrot: from Blowey's AVBDF, names condition 'foul of the foot' Fusiformis necrophorus
from Black's Veterinary Dictionary 1956 also names it 'foul in the foot' Actinomyces necrophorus
from Merck seventh edition (1991) 'footrot' also 'interdigital necrobacillosis' Fusobacterium necrophorum with Bacteroides nodosus and B melaninogenicus also implicated.

So which is it? How many of these names have changed in the intervening years (Blowey's manual is current with the Merck one, both early 90's)?

Actino is an interesting condition. Care to discuss that? I've had it identified in two of my cows in the last five years.

 

[Lucky_P]

Fusobacterium is the current accepted moniker. But once the genetic gurus start looking at its genome... all bets are off.

I'm constantly having to adjust to 'new' names for old pathogens once the taxonomists and gene jockeys start looking at genetic profiles and genetic relatedness to other organism...and then you get into deals like with the organism that causes swine dysentery... originally Treponema hyodysenteriae, but then, some taxonomist decided it needed to be Serpulina...but wait, somebody already used that name, so...it became Serpula, then the gene boys got in on the act and now it's Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Same sort of deal with Corynebacterium pyogenes a common isolate from abscesses and chronic lung lesions... became Actinomyces pyogenes, then Arcanobacterium pyogenes, now Trueperella pyogenes. Just leave the names alone, for goodness' sake!

 

[Bigfoot]

Fusobacterium is the current accepted moniker. But once the genetic gurus start looking at its genome... all bets are off.

I'm constantly having to adjust to 'new' names for old pathogens once the taxonomists and gene jockeys start looking at genetic profiles and genetic relatedness to other organism...and then you get into deals like with the organism that causes swine dysentery... originally Treponema hyodysenteriae, but then, some taxonomist decided it needed to be Serpulina...but wait, somebody already used that name, so...it became Serpula, then the gene boys got in on the act and now it's Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Same sort of deal with Corynebacterium pyogenes a common isolate from abscesses and chronic lung lesions... became Actinomyces pyogenes, then Arcanobacterium pyogenes, now Trueperella pyogenes. Just leave the names alone, for goodness' sake!

I had been thinking the same thing all evening, and hadn't gotten around to typing it yet.

 

[branguscowgirl]

I had been thinking the same thing all evening, and hadn't gotten around to typing it yet.

:lol: Me too Bigfoot! Me too! ;-)

 

[inyati13]

Fusobacterium is the current accepted moniker. But once the genetic gurus start looking at its genome... all bets are off.

I'm constantly having to adjust to 'new' names for old pathogens once the taxonomists and gene jockeys start looking at genetic profiles and genetic relatedness to other organism...and then you get into deals like with the organism that causes swine dysentery... originally Treponema hyodysenteriae, but then, some taxonomist decided it needed to be Serpulina...but wait, somebody already used that name, so...it became Serpula, then the gene boys got in on the act and now it's Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Same sort of deal with Corynebacterium pyogenes a common isolate from abscesses and chronic lung lesions... became Actinomyces pyogenes, then Arcanobacterium pyogenes, now Trueperella pyogenes. Just leave the names alone, for goodness' sake!

My heart-felt apologies to those who are not interested in the subject of taxonomy. This is addressed to Lucky and users who have a background in the origins and importance of plant and animal nomenclature.

Lucky - You know this already, but seems you have lost respect for it:

The changes in the Latin names of biological organisms have a significance that reaches to the very foundations of the science of biology. Unless your journey to becoming a veterinarian took a different pathway than it does at most institutions of higher learning, you are knowledgeable of the concept of phylogeny. Every beginning college biology text begins with phylogeny. It is universally presented as an evolutionary branching process referred to as a phylogenetic tree. Each hierarchical taxon is arranged on the tree in accordance with our understanding of its evolutionary history. When the understanding of the organism's phylogeny is better understood, the binomial nomenclature and the organism's position on the tree are changed. Phylogeny and taxonomy are embraced in a love affair that no man shall put asunder. As the Phylogeny is better understood, the taxonomy is bound in this affair to make her change.

As painful, unwieldy and inconvenient as it may be, remember this, you barrow this knowledge from Greek, Roman, Egyptian, etc. biologist who began the work of understanding the relationship of one organism to another ten thousand years before Christ. It is a privilege, IMO, to use it. Shame on you. Shame on you. A man in your profession should show some respect.

 

[inyati13]

Inyati re. footrot: from Blowey's AVBDF, names condition 'foul of the foot' Fusiformis necrophorus
from Black's Veterinary Dictionary 1956 also names it 'foul in the foot' Actinomyces necrophorus
from Merck seventh edition (1991) 'footrot' also 'interdigital necrobacillosis' Fusobacterium necrophorum with Bacteroides nodosus and B melaninogenicus also implicated.

So which is it? How many of these names have changed in the intervening years (Blowey's manual is current with the Merck one, both early 90's)?

Actino is an interesting condition. Care to discuss that? I've had it identified in two of my cows in the last five years.

Regolith, thank you for your participation:

Actinobacillosis is a specific infectious disease caused by a gram-negative coccibacilli belonging to the genus Actinobacillus. Infection with A. lignieresii is responsible for the wooden tongue disease characterized by the presence of granulomas with pus containing small, hard yellow to white granules.

The disease occurs worldwide. It usually occurs sporadically, preferentially in areas with copper deficiency or pasture with abrasive weeds. High prevalence is recorded in some areas in New Zealand.

In cattle, actinobacillosis mainly affects the tongue (‘wooden tongue’), the lymph nodes of the head and neck. The characteristic lesion is a granuloma of the tongue, with discharge of pus to the exterior. Infection usually begins as an acute inflammation with sudden onset of:
inability to eat or drink for several days
drooling saliva
rapid loss of condition
painful and swollen tongue
nodules and ulcers on the tongue

Mode of Transmission: The organism enters tissues of the mouth through epithelial damage associated with rough fodder e.g. containing sharp stems or thorns, where it multiplies locally. A. lignieresii is considered to be a normal rumen inhabitant of sheep and cattle. It survives 4 to 5 days in forage or hay and consequently actinobacillosis is not considered to be a highly contagious disease.

Next up:
Describe Anaplasmosis and how it is transmitted.

 

[wbvs58]

What microbe is most common in the cause of footrot? And what is the pathway of transmission?

I don't know the name of the bug(s) involved but I do know they are common in the environment. Usually an injury between the claws allows the infection to gain access through broken skin. Symptoms of heat, swelling, severe lameness in that foot.
The pathogens involved are sensitive to penicillin. Checking the foot and removal of foreign objects is indicated, there's only so much penicillin can do if you're gonna leave a stone jammed in the interdigital area.
Give me a minute I'll probably find that name, but we don't need a specific Latin name to diagnose, treat or prevent most common cattle conditions.

Okay, I have a question (two). How common is salmonella as an infective agent in cattle, and what symptoms does it cause?

Probably relatively common in your intensive world Regolith but pretty rare here where we are more extensive. Septicaemia in young calves with fever, prostrate, polyarthritis and death. Acute form, fever and putrid bloody mucous diarrhoea.
Now one right up Ron's alley. What is the major causative organism of PinkEye?
Ken

 

[inyati13]

What microbe is most common in the cause of footrot? And what is the pathway of transmission?

I don't know the name of the bug(s) involved but I do know they are common in the environment. Usually an injury between the claws allows the infection to gain access through broken skin. Symptoms of heat, swelling, severe lameness in that foot.
The pathogens involved are sensitive to penicillin. Checking the foot and removal of foreign objects is indicated, there's only so much penicillin can do if you're gonna leave a stone jammed in the interdigital area.
Give me a minute I'll probably find that name, but we don't need a specific Latin name to diagnose, treat or prevent most common cattle conditions.

Okay, I have a question (two). How common is salmonella as an infective agent in cattle, and what symptoms does it cause?

Probably relatively common in your intensive world Regolith but pretty rare here where we are more extensive. Septicaemia in young calves with fever, prostrate, polyarthritis and death. Acute form, fever and putrid bloody mucous diarrhoea.
Now one right up Ron's alley. What is the major causative organism of PinkEye?
Ken

Ken, I have recent experience with the pinkeye. The vet performed an eye swab on the first case in July. The swab came back as Moraxella bovis and M. boviculli. The strains are very virulent. Pinkeye is also known as infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis or IBK.

Transmission:
Transmission can be from animal to animal by secretions infected with M. bovis. Or through face flies, or contact with an inanimate object that harbors the organism. Face flies are the primary vector for spreading the bacteria and disease. Secretions from the eye, nose, or vagina can be infected.

NOTE: The vet has made a vaccine for our area which is in the midst of a severe pinkeye epidemic. The vaccine that will come out in a few weeks will contain the strain that is occurring in my herd.

Next up:
Describe Anaplasmosis and how it is transmitted.

 

[regolith]

Probably relatively common in your intensive world Regolith but pretty rare here where we are more extensive. Septicaemia in young calves with fever, prostrate, polyarthritis and death. Acute form, fever and putrid bloody mucous diarrhoea.
Now one right up Ron's alley. What is the major causative organism of PinkEye?
Ken

Ken, I think it's relatively rare here too, that why I asked. It seems to be 'considered' by vets as a cause for everything from an ailing cow to a sudden death to young calf scours, but I've never had it isolated by blood or tissue test and the prevailing advice is that you don't vaccinate for it unless you have to. Some farms have to and I've heard of high mortality rates when outbreaks occur - and I mean adult dairy cows, not calves.

I don't know anything about anaplasmosis, sorry Ron, so someone else can discuss that one.
My cows that were diagnosed with action at slaughter didn't have it on the mouth thankyou autocorrect, that was actino I said.

 

[wbvs58]

That would be Anaplasma marginale Ron, a small single cell parasite that attaches around the margins of the red blood cells from the inside I think. They cause destruction of rbc's resulting in an anaemia, jaundice and a fever up to 40.5C and sometimes death. Young animals seem to be resistant to it and will develop a permanent immunity. Red urine doesn't occur with it as it does with other intracellular parasites B. bovis and B.bigemina that we have in tropical coastal areas in Australia. A very good live blood vaccine is available here for vaccinating cattle that are going from tick free area to tick area, I use it on my young bulls so that buyers can immediately ship them to the coast. The vaccine is ordered and then prepared and shipped the same day and used within 48hrs.
Anaplasmosis is spread by insects, those in Australia are the cattle tick. They can also be spread mechanically from carrier animals by needles, dehorners etc.
The drug of choice is Imazole but Tetracyclines are also effective against Anaplasma.
OK, now the next is tell us all about Brucellosis.
Ken

 

[branguscowgirl]

Signs and symptoms of Anaplasmosis.
Pale membranes inside the vulva and gums. Cattle can have personality changes and even show signs of aggression. Dx was discovered in a friend of mines herd with her cows having late pregnancy abortions. They did not dilate and either died trying to give birth or were very weak and needed help.