Joules is far more important than miles and/or voltage. The energy needed to exert one Newton of Force 1 meter in distance. So Joules can be seen as a measure of energy dissipated by each pulse or shock. It's the 'work' that is done in the course of a shock pulse and Joules is the scientific part of fence specs that takes distance into account.. The rough equation being W=Fd where W=work, F=Force (of 1 Newton) and d=distance in meters. And when considering miles, you have to remember that it's round trip. For instance, if you have 1 mile of fence and the ground rods are 1 end, the pulse travels to where ever the point of shock happens. IF it happens at the far end of the fence, the pulse goes into the animal, exits to the ground, then all the way back to the ground rods and up to the charger to complete the circuit. Shock doesn't take place until that electrical pathway is complete back to the charger/energizer. Volts can be seen as the force that pushes the charge but it isn't nearly the total picture. A 5000V shock at 1 joule isn't nearly as severe as a 5000v shock at 12 Joules. As I saw someone here say many years ago, "A 12 Joule shock from an electric fence is a religious experience!"