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<blockquote data-quote="greybeard" data-source="post: 1587264" data-attributes="member: 18945"><p>I don't and won't pretend to understand everything about antenna theory..and there's a reason it's still regarded a 'theory'. No one knows or fully understands exactly how radio wave transmission and reception works. It is very complex. I'll give it a shot tho.</p><p></p><p>Cell phones work on specific frequencies, or more aptly, within a specific range of frequencies. It's not like radio (recievers) in your house and cars..cell phones send traffic as well as receive so the number of users in any area can burden down the system and dropped calls become common. </p><p></p><p>In the early days the USA cell phones were all 800MHz on an analog system called AMPS. Then, as more and more cell phone users joined, the providers needed additional (and wider) bands to be able to provide service to everyone, especially in larger cities. 800-1800MHz was the new common frequency, then 1st came a different architecture called GMS (required a SIM card) , then CDMA digital replaced AMPS and that bumped it up into 800 thru 1900MHz for 2G. </p><p>3G uses a combination of 850-190MHZ, and 4GLTE is anywhere between 600 up to 3500MHz in some areas. </p><p></p><p>5G is going to be anywhere between 300MHz up to 'nearly' 6<strong>G</strong>Hz. There are many sub-sets within the frequencies and different providers use different subsets, including millimeter bands. </p><p></p><p>There is also db..decibels..I don't really understand that at all.</p><p></p><p>Dipole means there are only 2 elements to the antenna, and they are identical in length.</p><p>Different types of antennas work better for different frequencies. </p><p></p><p>Yagis work much better for 3G than the single folded dipole antenna that is inside the little box on my booster antenna but they don't work well for the 4g and will work even less when 5G is common. </p><p>This is a yagi, but antennas can be very small and do the same thing. Where the cable connects is the driven element. Behind that driven element is a sort of diploe that is nothing more than a reflector. Out beyond the driven element are the collector elements..they are all equal lengths and equally spaced apart. Because the element lengths are all the same, it is very good at receiving signals, but it is restricted to a relatively narrow band of signals due to the equal length elements.</p><p><a href="https://postimages.org/" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.postimg.cc/L8WWKPc3/Yagi.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a></p><p>It doesn't have to have the elements exposed to the outside..it can be covered, and usually is. </p><p></p><p></p><p>This is an LPDA. That stands for Log Periodic Dipole Antenna. Notice the elements are different lengths and out near the end, the spacing between the elements is closer. That is what makes it different than a Yagi.</p><p><a href="https://postimages.org/" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.postimg.cc/tCXz4zWN/lpda3.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a></p><p></p><p>For boosters, they will usually be covered.</p><p><a href="https://postimages.org/" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.postimg.cc/JhsZv6JP/lpda1.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a></p><p></p><p>Inside it, it will look something like this, with the antenna elements being 'printed'.</p><p><a href="https://postimages.org/" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.postimg.cc/0yBJYY3m/lpda2.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a></p><p></p><p>When selecting a signal booster (really a repeater with amplification) you need to know which (and how many different) carriers you are going to be using in the household. </p><p></p><p>Excuse the dust, the other 2 parts of my booster are in a very seldom used room, but they do provide cell and data for the entire house except one small area behind the stairs. With the booster I have cell service inside, and can use my laptop. When the power goes out, I have to go outside to use my phones. </p><p></p><p>Coax from the outside antenna leads to this amplifier. The gain dials are to dial in better signal..fine tune it so to speak. </p><p><a href="https://postimages.org/" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.postimg.cc/y6pBYLSF/DSC00444.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a></p><p>That gets the usable signal into the house, boosts it, but I still have to have an available signal "in the air' of the interior of the house for my phone and other devices to receive and use..</p><p></p><p>From the amplifier is a small (and much shorter) cable which leads to this..it's the transmitting antenna. It's from this, that my phone and evices gets and sends their signals. (yes, the booster is bi-directional..helps in both reception and transmitting (sending). </p><p><a href="https://postimages.org/" target="_blank"><img src="https://i.postimg.cc/L64TvVy0/DSC00445.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a></p><p></p><p>The amplifier and transmitting antenna have to be a specified minimum distance from the outside receiving antenna to prevent a feedback loop called oscillation from happening. That's where the transmitting antenna signal is being picked right back up by the recieving antenna and what you get is a really dirty crappy unusable signal and data. It varies with different brands and types, but for mine, the minimum distance was 25'.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="greybeard, post: 1587264, member: 18945"] I don't and won't pretend to understand everything about antenna theory..and there's a reason it's still regarded a 'theory'. No one knows or fully understands exactly how radio wave transmission and reception works. It is very complex. I'll give it a shot tho. Cell phones work on specific frequencies, or more aptly, within a specific range of frequencies. It's not like radio (recievers) in your house and cars..cell phones send traffic as well as receive so the number of users in any area can burden down the system and dropped calls become common. In the early days the USA cell phones were all 800MHz on an analog system called AMPS. Then, as more and more cell phone users joined, the providers needed additional (and wider) bands to be able to provide service to everyone, especially in larger cities. 800-1800MHz was the new common frequency, then 1st came a different architecture called GMS (required a SIM card) , then CDMA digital replaced AMPS and that bumped it up into 800 thru 1900MHz for 2G. 3G uses a combination of 850-190MHZ, and 4GLTE is anywhere between 600 up to 3500MHz in some areas. 5G is going to be anywhere between 300MHz up to 'nearly' 6[b]G[/b]Hz. There are many sub-sets within the frequencies and different providers use different subsets, including millimeter bands. There is also db..decibels..I don't really understand that at all. Dipole means there are only 2 elements to the antenna, and they are identical in length. Different types of antennas work better for different frequencies. Yagis work much better for 3G than the single folded dipole antenna that is inside the little box on my booster antenna but they don't work well for the 4g and will work even less when 5G is common. This is a yagi, but antennas can be very small and do the same thing. Where the cable connects is the driven element. Behind that driven element is a sort of diploe that is nothing more than a reflector. Out beyond the driven element are the collector elements..they are all equal lengths and equally spaced apart. Because the element lengths are all the same, it is very good at receiving signals, but it is restricted to a relatively narrow band of signals due to the equal length elements. [url=https://postimages.org/][img]https://i.postimg.cc/L8WWKPc3/Yagi.jpg[/img][/url] It doesn't have to have the elements exposed to the outside..it can be covered, and usually is. This is an LPDA. That stands for Log Periodic Dipole Antenna. Notice the elements are different lengths and out near the end, the spacing between the elements is closer. That is what makes it different than a Yagi. [url=https://postimages.org/][img]https://i.postimg.cc/tCXz4zWN/lpda3.jpg[/img][/url] For boosters, they will usually be covered. [url=https://postimages.org/][img]https://i.postimg.cc/JhsZv6JP/lpda1.jpg[/img][/url] Inside it, it will look something like this, with the antenna elements being 'printed'. [url=https://postimages.org/][img]https://i.postimg.cc/0yBJYY3m/lpda2.jpg[/img][/url] When selecting a signal booster (really a repeater with amplification) you need to know which (and how many different) carriers you are going to be using in the household. Excuse the dust, the other 2 parts of my booster are in a very seldom used room, but they do provide cell and data for the entire house except one small area behind the stairs. With the booster I have cell service inside, and can use my laptop. When the power goes out, I have to go outside to use my phones. Coax from the outside antenna leads to this amplifier. The gain dials are to dial in better signal..fine tune it so to speak. [url=https://postimages.org/][img]https://i.postimg.cc/y6pBYLSF/DSC00444.jpg[/img][/url] That gets the usable signal into the house, boosts it, but I still have to have an available signal "in the air' of the interior of the house for my phone and other devices to receive and use.. From the amplifier is a small (and much shorter) cable which leads to this..it's the transmitting antenna. It's from this, that my phone and evices gets and sends their signals. (yes, the booster is bi-directional..helps in both reception and transmitting (sending). [url=https://postimages.org/][img]https://i.postimg.cc/L64TvVy0/DSC00445.jpg[/img][/url] The amplifier and transmitting antenna have to be a specified minimum distance from the outside receiving antenna to prevent a feedback loop called oscillation from happening. That's where the transmitting antenna signal is being picked right back up by the recieving antenna and what you get is a really dirty crappy unusable signal and data. It varies with different brands and types, but for mine, the minimum distance was 25'. [/QUOTE]
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