To maintain a 365-day calving interval (i.e. so your cow has a calf every 12 months), she has 80 to 85 days from the time she drops her calf until she needs to be rebred. (365 days - 282 day gestation = 83 days)
In a perfect world, the bull would go in 83 days after the first calf was born and breed every cow exactly 83 days after she had calved. It doesn't work quite that way as some cows come into heat a little sooner than others while another might come in a little later.
We have run in a 45-day calving season for many years. Year in and year out, we average about 93% of the cows bred in the 45-day period. Usually at least 80% calve in the first 21 days of the calving season. Last spring we had over 90% of one herd of 339 cows from the upper ranch calved in 17 days. It makes short work out of the calving process.