In The Cattle Markets: Strong Choice Select Spread Persists Into Summer
One of the surprises of 2006 has been the fact that the Choice-Select spread has remained so strong into early summer. The reason it’s surprising is the Choice-Select price spread normally exhibits a very strong seasonal pattern. The spread typically starts the year relatively low and then starts to increase in late winter and early spring. Most years the spread peaks between late April and early June and then weakens during June. Over the last five years, the spring peak in the price spread has been about triple the early winter bottom in the spread. After peaking in mid-spring, the spread weakens and, by mid-July, it declines back to its early winter level. Finally, in late summer the spread starts to strengthen again, reaching its fall peak during October and early November.
This year’s pattern has differed markedly from normal. First, the spread started the year stronger than normal. The fall 2005 peak in the spread was $14.22/cwt. After a brief decline to about $10/cwt. in early December, the spread started increasing again, reaching $15/cwt. at the start of the year. The spread did weaken as winter progressed, bottoming at $10/cwt. in February, and then recovered seasonally to peak at $23/cwt. in early June. But the Choice-Select spread has weakened very little since early June. For example, last week’s spread was still $22.05/cwt.
Why is the Choice-Select spread behaving differently this year than in year’s past? There likely are several factors that help explain what’s taking place this year vs. prior years, but one of them is undoubtedly a change in the percentage of cattle grading Choice or higher. Despite the fact that cattle are being marketed at heavier weights than a year ago, fewer cattle are reaching the Choice and Prime grades than the last several years. During the first half of 2006 Choice and Prime cattle averaged 51.4% of all cattle graded in the U.S., down from last year’s 54.2% average and a three-year average of 53.9%. Furthermore, an examination of the weekly grading data published by USDA suggests the downturn in cattle grading Choice or higher dates back to early 2005. So, it looks like the spread might not return to a more typical summer level until the percentage of cattle grading Choice or higher starts to pick up.