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<blockquote data-quote="Bright Raven" data-source="post: 1605759" data-attributes="member: 27490"><p>Some fundamentals without recommending specific vaccines:</p><p></p><p>All cattle operations in the United States are exposed to bacteria in the genus Clostridium. These pathogens are ubiquitous throughout the world and occur in the environment. Meaning they don't require a reservoir or other animal to transmit them. A good example of one of these is the Blackleg bacterium. Thus, a vaccine for the group of Clostridial pathogens is a primary need. These come in 4-way, 7-way, 9-way, etc. An 8-way denotes that the vaccine covers 8 species of clostridium in one preparation.</p><p></p><p>Keep in mind that some vaccines provide immunity NOT against the pathogen but against the toxin they produce. These preparations are called TOXOIDS.</p><p></p><p>Another group of vaccines are the REPRODUCTIVE vaccines. They protect fertility and the fetus and thus reduce the incidence of open cows. These are preparations that include viruses and bacteria. An example of a virus - Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis. An example of a bacterium is Leptospira.</p><p></p><p>I think the third group worth considering are the Respiratory vaccines that protect against Bovine Respiratory Disease ( a large group of pathogens). This includes Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasturella multocida. Some of the reproductive vaccines also protect against respiratory viruses, for example, Parainfluenza 3 is included in most fetal protection vaccines.</p><p></p><p>Here is something that is fundamental:</p><p></p><p>Remember, antibiotics almost totally function as bacteriacides. On the other hand, viruses are not easily killed or controlled (related to expense to some extent) by drugs. Thus, the best defense for a viral pathogen is a vaccine. You can fight bacteria with some exceptions with an antibiotic.</p><p></p><p>Selecting the vaccines is more difficult. Unless you have the background and have studied the available vaccines, you have no choice but to use a vet or other professional in your area for recommendations.</p><p></p><p>Last, I vaccinate spring and fall. I vaccinate in cool weather and a cool time of day - morning and evening.</p><p></p><p>Keep your vaccine cool. Use a small cooler. Avoid UV exposure.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Bright Raven, post: 1605759, member: 27490"] Some fundamentals without recommending specific vaccines: All cattle operations in the United States are exposed to bacteria in the genus Clostridium. These pathogens are ubiquitous throughout the world and occur in the environment. Meaning they don't require a reservoir or other animal to transmit them. A good example of one of these is the Blackleg bacterium. Thus, a vaccine for the group of Clostridial pathogens is a primary need. These come in 4-way, 7-way, 9-way, etc. An 8-way denotes that the vaccine covers 8 species of clostridium in one preparation. Keep in mind that some vaccines provide immunity NOT against the pathogen but against the toxin they produce. These preparations are called TOXOIDS. Another group of vaccines are the REPRODUCTIVE vaccines. They protect fertility and the fetus and thus reduce the incidence of open cows. These are preparations that include viruses and bacteria. An example of a virus - Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis. An example of a bacterium is Leptospira. I think the third group worth considering are the Respiratory vaccines that protect against Bovine Respiratory Disease ( a large group of pathogens). This includes Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasturella multocida. Some of the reproductive vaccines also protect against respiratory viruses, for example, Parainfluenza 3 is included in most fetal protection vaccines. Here is something that is fundamental: Remember, antibiotics almost totally function as bacteriacides. On the other hand, viruses are not easily killed or controlled (related to expense to some extent) by drugs. Thus, the best defense for a viral pathogen is a vaccine. You can fight bacteria with some exceptions with an antibiotic. Selecting the vaccines is more difficult. Unless you have the background and have studied the available vaccines, you have no choice but to use a vet or other professional in your area for recommendations. Last, I vaccinate spring and fall. I vaccinate in cool weather and a cool time of day - morning and evening. Keep your vaccine cool. Use a small cooler. Avoid UV exposure. [/QUOTE]
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