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<blockquote data-quote="hillsdown" data-source="post: 542762" data-attributes="member: 5106"><p>Necrotic Laryngitis</p><p>(Calf diphtheria, Laryngeal necrobacillosis) </p><p><a href="http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/120902.htm" target="_blank">http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index ... 120902.htm</a></p><p></p><p>Diagnosis: </p><p>Clinical signs are usually sufficient to establish a diagnosis. However, because numerous other conditions can cause signs of upper airway obstruction, the larynx should be visually inspected to confirm a diagnosis. This can be accomplished by means of an orally inserted speculum, laryngoscopy, endoscopy, or radiography, but care must be exercised to avoid further respiratory embarrassment. A tracheostomy should be performed before laryngoscopic or endoscopic examination in cattle with severe inspiratory dyspnea. Differential diagnoses include pharyngeal trauma; severe viral laryngitis (eg, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis); actinobacillosis; and laryngeal edema, abscesses, trauma, paralysis, or tumors. </p><p> </p><p>Treatment and Control: </p><p>Sulfonamides (an initial dose of 140 mg/kg, IV, followed by 70 mg/kg, IV, sid) or procaine penicillin (22,000 U/kg, IM, bid) are the drugs of choice. NSAID (aspirin, 100 mg/kg, PO, bid, or ketoprofen, 3 mg/kg, IM or IV, sid for up to 3 days) can be used to decrease the degree of laryngeal inflammation and edema. A tracheostomy is indicated in cattle with severe inspiratory dyspnea. The prognosis is good for early cases that are treated aggressively; chronic cases will require surgery under general anesthesia to remove necrotic or granulation tissue and to drain laryngeal abscesses. A 60% success rate has been reported for surgical intervention in advanced cases. </p><p>There are no specific control measures for necrotic laryngitis; however, the proposed pathogenesis suggests that control measures for common respiratory pathogens may be beneficial.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="hillsdown, post: 542762, member: 5106"] Necrotic Laryngitis (Calf diphtheria, Laryngeal necrobacillosis) [url=http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/120902.htm]http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index ... 120902.htm[/url] Diagnosis: Clinical signs are usually sufficient to establish a diagnosis. However, because numerous other conditions can cause signs of upper airway obstruction, the larynx should be visually inspected to confirm a diagnosis. This can be accomplished by means of an orally inserted speculum, laryngoscopy, endoscopy, or radiography, but care must be exercised to avoid further respiratory embarrassment. A tracheostomy should be performed before laryngoscopic or endoscopic examination in cattle with severe inspiratory dyspnea. Differential diagnoses include pharyngeal trauma; severe viral laryngitis (eg, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis); actinobacillosis; and laryngeal edema, abscesses, trauma, paralysis, or tumors. Treatment and Control: Sulfonamides (an initial dose of 140 mg/kg, IV, followed by 70 mg/kg, IV, sid) or procaine penicillin (22,000 U/kg, IM, bid) are the drugs of choice. NSAID (aspirin, 100 mg/kg, PO, bid, or ketoprofen, 3 mg/kg, IM or IV, sid for up to 3 days) can be used to decrease the degree of laryngeal inflammation and edema. A tracheostomy is indicated in cattle with severe inspiratory dyspnea. The prognosis is good for early cases that are treated aggressively; chronic cases will require surgery under general anesthesia to remove necrotic or granulation tissue and to drain laryngeal abscesses. A 60% success rate has been reported for surgical intervention in advanced cases. There are no specific control measures for necrotic laryngitis; however, the proposed pathogenesis suggests that control measures for common respiratory pathogens may be beneficial. [/QUOTE]
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