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<blockquote data-quote="HerefordSire" data-source="post: 641510" data-attributes="member: 4437"><p><em>KNERSIE...I truncated your text for emphasis.</em></p><p></p><p>Any look back at BIF's 40 year history has to be</p><p>about three things – People, Leadership, and</p><p>Technology. It is really not about cattle – cattle</p><p>don't have ideas and cattle don't have emotions.</p><p>Cattle don't have need to make change…but</p><p>people do.</p><p></p><p>Improvement of cattle and other livestock</p><p>certainly predates Robert Bakewell (1725-1795)</p><p>who first suggested that "Like begets like." At</p><p>Bakewell's time, the mode of inheritance was</p><p>unknown. Gregor Mendel did some fascinating</p><p>work with peas and other vegetables in the</p><p>monastery garden that proved that genes</p><p>expressed themselves in a predictable and</p><p>mathematical way, so discovered the principals</p><p>of genetics in 1866, since known as Mendelian</p><p>segregation. His work was rediscovered about</p><p>1900. Then in early to mid- twentieth century</p><p>Sewell Wright and R.A. Fisher brought modern</p><p>livestock breeding, from a statistical standpoint,</p><p>into the area of science. Wright's principals of</p><p>genetic relationships among relatives in one of</p><p>the essential principals of our modern EPD</p><p>(Expected Progeny Difference) calculations.</p><p></p><p>Long before we turned to science, the method of</p><p>evaluating animals became the "eye of the</p><p>master" visual appraisal along with a published</p><p>pedigree, and it stayed that way into the latter</p><p>third of the 20th century.</p><p>.</p><p>.</p><p>.</p><p>.</p><p>A number of sticky problems came along and</p><p>were dealt with such as:</p><p>• Deciding to express EPD accuracy in</p><p>terms of a percentile rather than possible</p><p>change</p><p>• Deciding to formulate a frame score</p><p>chart based on hip height.</p><p>• Deciding not to take over Ideal Beef</p><p>Memo and print a B.I.F. paper</p><p>• Deciding to recommend procedures for</p><p>the use of ultrasound for the evaluation</p><p>of carcass traits, including the regimen</p><p>for training technicians.</p><p>• Deciding not to recommend procedures</p><p>for grading based on visual appraisal.</p><p>• Trying unsuccessfully to preserve and</p><p>strengthen state BCIA's</p><p>.</p><p>.</p><p>.</p><p>.</p><p>Is the work all done? Surely not! Population</p><p>genetics has been the name of the game and will</p><p>probably continue to be. The basis of EPD's is</p><p>the individual record as a deviation from the</p><p>mean of a true contemporary group. Now that</p><p>the bovine genome has been sequenced (at least</p><p>in part), how will data used in selection</p><p>programs look 10 or 20 years form now? Stay</p><p>tuned and stay involved!</p><p></p><p><a href="http://www.bifconference.com/bif2007/Symposium/010_A_Look_Back.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.bifconference.com/bif2007/Sy ... k_Back.pdf</a></p><p></p><p><em>Here is another document....</em></p><p></p><p>A fellow in England eventually put into writing the concept of "like begets like," and launched the documented art and science of animal breeding. In other words, if I mate big bulls to big cows, I will get big cattle. If I mate small bulls to small cows, I will get small cattle. What was even more exciting, you could mate big bulls to small cows and get medium-sized cattle. The "Bakewell" concept of cattle breeding or livestock improvement has been around for more than a century and is still prevalent in the beef business today.</p><p></p><p>There are still many bulls purchased today on the concept that "like begets like." The concept is true and works. However, today, we actually know why "like begets like." This additional understanding began with Mendel and his peas. He noticed some where wrinkled and some weren't. What was even more important, Mendel selected only seven traits, and worked with each trait separately. He found that, yes, "like begets like," but not always.</p><p></p><p>For years, peas were round and smooth in Burke County, and peas were round and wrinkled in Divide County. This went on for years, and the champion pea of the Burke County Fair was always smooth and round. The champion pea at the Divide County Fair was always round and wrinkled. "Like begets like" and this was fine. Everyone was happy. Then one day, an ambitious sort from Burke County, was driving down Highway Five a little too fast, and as the road curved, Burke County peas spilled in Divide County.</p><p></p><p>The peas, knowing no better, germinated, flowered and gave to the bees a full load of smooth and round pea pollen, (the male) and the Divide County peas welcomed the bees loaded with fresh new Burke County pollen. The incident was soon forgotten. That year at the Divide County Fair, all the peas were still round and wrinkled and the champion pea was the roundest and most wrinkled pea anyone ever saw.</p><p></p><p>The seed was saved and with great pride, the seed was planted and, well, I'm sure most of you know by now, these beautiful round and wrinkled seeds produced not only round and wrinkled seeds, but round and smooth seeds as well.</p><p></p><p>Astonished, a new set of rules had to be drawn up for the fair (at a rather lengthy meeting), but more importantly residents found that, "like did not beget like." Thus the principles of genetic dominance were discovered, and forever more, what you see is not necessarily what you get.</p><p></p><p>Even more interesting, the round and smooth seeds that came from round and wrinkled parents, were rounder and smoother and larger than the round and smooth seeds from round and smooth parents.</p><p></p><p>Adapted to today's bull buying principles, yes, there is comfort in matching the general appearance of your cattle with the general appearance of the bull. However, the only way to know if he is round and wrinkled and can sire round and smooth is to have records.</p><p></p><p><a href="http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extnews/newsrelease/2003/011603/02beefta.htm" target="_blank">http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extnews/newsre ... beefta.htm</a></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="HerefordSire, post: 641510, member: 4437"] [i]KNERSIE...I truncated your text for emphasis.[/i] Any look back at BIF’s 40 year history has to be about three things – People, Leadership, and Technology. It is really not about cattle – cattle don’t have ideas and cattle don’t have emotions. Cattle don’t have need to make change…but people do. Improvement of cattle and other livestock certainly predates Robert Bakewell (1725-1795) who first suggested that “Like begets like.” At Bakewell’s time, the mode of inheritance was unknown. Gregor Mendel did some fascinating work with peas and other vegetables in the monastery garden that proved that genes expressed themselves in a predictable and mathematical way, so discovered the principals of genetics in 1866, since known as Mendelian segregation. His work was rediscovered about 1900. Then in early to mid- twentieth century Sewell Wright and R.A. Fisher brought modern livestock breeding, from a statistical standpoint, into the area of science. Wright’s principals of genetic relationships among relatives in one of the essential principals of our modern EPD (Expected Progeny Difference) calculations. Long before we turned to science, the method of evaluating animals became the “eye of the master” visual appraisal along with a published pedigree, and it stayed that way into the latter third of the 20th century. . . . . A number of sticky problems came along and were dealt with such as: • Deciding to express EPD accuracy in terms of a percentile rather than possible change • Deciding to formulate a frame score chart based on hip height. • Deciding not to take over Ideal Beef Memo and print a B.I.F. paper • Deciding to recommend procedures for the use of ultrasound for the evaluation of carcass traits, including the regimen for training technicians. • Deciding not to recommend procedures for grading based on visual appraisal. • Trying unsuccessfully to preserve and strengthen state BCIA’s . . . . Is the work all done? Surely not! Population genetics has been the name of the game and will probably continue to be. The basis of EPD’s is the individual record as a deviation from the mean of a true contemporary group. Now that the bovine genome has been sequenced (at least in part), how will data used in selection programs look 10 or 20 years form now? Stay tuned and stay involved! [url=http://www.bifconference.com/bif2007/Symposium/010_A_Look_Back.pdf]http://www.bifconference.com/bif2007/Sy ... k_Back.pdf[/url] [i]Here is another document....[/i] A fellow in England eventually put into writing the concept of "like begets like," and launched the documented art and science of animal breeding. In other words, if I mate big bulls to big cows, I will get big cattle. If I mate small bulls to small cows, I will get small cattle. What was even more exciting, you could mate big bulls to small cows and get medium-sized cattle. The "Bakewell" concept of cattle breeding or livestock improvement has been around for more than a century and is still prevalent in the beef business today. There are still many bulls purchased today on the concept that "like begets like." The concept is true and works. However, today, we actually know why "like begets like." This additional understanding began with Mendel and his peas. He noticed some where wrinkled and some weren’t. What was even more important, Mendel selected only seven traits, and worked with each trait separately. He found that, yes, "like begets like," but not always. For years, peas were round and smooth in Burke County, and peas were round and wrinkled in Divide County. This went on for years, and the champion pea of the Burke County Fair was always smooth and round. The champion pea at the Divide County Fair was always round and wrinkled. "Like begets like" and this was fine. Everyone was happy. Then one day, an ambitious sort from Burke County, was driving down Highway Five a little too fast, and as the road curved, Burke County peas spilled in Divide County. The peas, knowing no better, germinated, flowered and gave to the bees a full load of smooth and round pea pollen, (the male) and the Divide County peas welcomed the bees loaded with fresh new Burke County pollen. The incident was soon forgotten. That year at the Divide County Fair, all the peas were still round and wrinkled and the champion pea was the roundest and most wrinkled pea anyone ever saw. The seed was saved and with great pride, the seed was planted and, well, I’m sure most of you know by now, these beautiful round and wrinkled seeds produced not only round and wrinkled seeds, but round and smooth seeds as well. Astonished, a new set of rules had to be drawn up for the fair (at a rather lengthy meeting), but more importantly residents found that, "like did not beget like." Thus the principles of genetic dominance were discovered, and forever more, what you see is not necessarily what you get. Even more interesting, the round and smooth seeds that came from round and wrinkled parents, were rounder and smoother and larger than the round and smooth seeds from round and smooth parents. Adapted to today’s bull buying principles, yes, there is comfort in matching the general appearance of your cattle with the general appearance of the bull. However, the only way to know if he is round and wrinkled and can sire round and smooth is to have records. [url=http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extnews/newsrelease/2003/011603/02beefta.htm]http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extnews/newsre ... beefta.htm[/url] [/QUOTE]
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