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herefords: horned vs. polled
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<blockquote data-quote="txag" data-source="post: 43310" data-attributes="member: 8"><p>wow, i go away for a few days & miss all kinds of stuff.</p><p></p><p>let me see what i can add or stir up.</p><p></p><p>we have been raising registered polled herefords for over 30 years. i remember when i was a kid, we would occasionally have a bull pop a scur, but we never had any horns. i can't remember even having any scurs for the last 20 years or so.....only polled. i also cannot recall any of our bull customers mentioning any horned offspring from our bulls.</p><p></p><p>after the merger of the two associations, breeders began outcrossing (not crossbreeding) between the horned & polled lines. since then, there seems to be more incidents of scurs in these crosses as well as polled cattle that are carriers of the horned gene. we did not choose to do this and continue to breed only polled herefords. imo, there is enough quality in the polled cattle lines that we don't have to use horned lines. don't get me wrong, there are very good horned cattle out there, but i think there are equally good polled herefords & our goal is to produce polled cattle.</p><p></p><p>as for homozygous.....yes, polled herefords can be homozygous (nothing to do w/4 generations). homozygous means that both genes for that trait are the same. polled is dominant & for my discussion i'll use a capital P for polled & a lowercase p for horned. if you have a homozygous polled bull, PP, he will only throw polled calves, no matter what he's bred to (except some brahmans). if you have a heterozygous bull, Pp & breed him to horned cows, pp, half of the calves will be horned & half will be polled (on average). if you have a horned bull, pp, & breed him to horned cows (all, pp), all the calves will be horned, pp (except for a possible mutation). if you have a heterozygous polled bull, Pp (the polled trait will show because polled is dominant but the horned gene will still be there) & breed him to heterozygous polled cows, Pp (polled because of the dominant P gene but carrying the horned gene), 1/4 of the calves will be homozygous polled (& this will breed true) PP, 1/2 of the calves will be polled but carry the horned gene Pp, and 1/4 of the calves will be horned, pp. it's easiest to see this if set up in a punnett square. the polled/horned genes are just like the black/red color genes as far as inheritance goes. polled & black are dominant & red & horned are recessive. w/color, there are separate genes for spotting & white face & diluting but the basic colors of black & red are still there.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="txag, post: 43310, member: 8"] wow, i go away for a few days & miss all kinds of stuff. let me see what i can add or stir up. we have been raising registered polled herefords for over 30 years. i remember when i was a kid, we would occasionally have a bull pop a scur, but we never had any horns. i can't remember even having any scurs for the last 20 years or so.....only polled. i also cannot recall any of our bull customers mentioning any horned offspring from our bulls. after the merger of the two associations, breeders began outcrossing (not crossbreeding) between the horned & polled lines. since then, there seems to be more incidents of scurs in these crosses as well as polled cattle that are carriers of the horned gene. we did not choose to do this and continue to breed only polled herefords. imo, there is enough quality in the polled cattle lines that we don't have to use horned lines. don't get me wrong, there are very good horned cattle out there, but i think there are equally good polled herefords & our goal is to produce polled cattle. as for homozygous.....yes, polled herefords can be homozygous (nothing to do w/4 generations). homozygous means that both genes for that trait are the same. polled is dominant & for my discussion i'll use a capital P for polled & a lowercase p for horned. if you have a homozygous polled bull, PP, he will only throw polled calves, no matter what he's bred to (except some brahmans). if you have a heterozygous bull, Pp & breed him to horned cows, pp, half of the calves will be horned & half will be polled (on average). if you have a horned bull, pp, & breed him to horned cows (all, pp), all the calves will be horned, pp (except for a possible mutation). if you have a heterozygous polled bull, Pp (the polled trait will show because polled is dominant but the horned gene will still be there) & breed him to heterozygous polled cows, Pp (polled because of the dominant P gene but carrying the horned gene), 1/4 of the calves will be homozygous polled (& this will breed true) PP, 1/2 of the calves will be polled but carry the horned gene Pp, and 1/4 of the calves will be horned, pp. it's easiest to see this if set up in a punnett square. the polled/horned genes are just like the black/red color genes as far as inheritance goes. polled & black are dominant & red & horned are recessive. w/color, there are separate genes for spotting & white face & diluting but the basic colors of black & red are still there. [/QUOTE]
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