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<blockquote data-quote="Lucky_P" data-source="post: 1594979" data-attributes="member: 12607"><p>pdf,</p><p>Moving cows around the country, we've also moved anaplasmosis (and other diseases) around with them. Sometimes you get more than you bargained for...</p><p>Unfortunately, the old Complement Fixation test we used to have was really poor... probably only detected maybe 15% of the infected animals - and those were probably the ones that were tested while in stages of clinical disease... it allowed a whole lot of persistently-infected but 'test-negative' animals to be moved across state lines. It was the 'state of the art' test at the time... but, in retrospect, it was really crappy. The cELISA test we now have is much more sensitive, and will detect those persistently-infected carrier animals, as well as animals in the incubation phase of the disease, as soon as 3 weeks or so after infection. </p><p></p><p>Most of the A.marginale strains in the USA are best transmitted by ticks... but some strains, like those we encounter in FL and CA are effectively vectored by biting flies. </p><p>When ticks feed on a 'carrier' animal, the parasite undergoes reproduction/amplification in the tick's intestinal and salivary gland epithelium - so, when that tick feeds on another cow, it can transmit large numbers of organisms, whereas biting flies can only transmit whatever number of parasites might happen to be on their mouthparts from taking a blood meal... and on a carrier animal, those numbers are so small that we can't even find them when we look at a stained blood smear. </p><p></p><p>Yes, horseflies can transmit it here (and where you are), but they're not particularly effective at it - they'd have to be feeding on a clinically ill animal with a high level of parasitemia, get brushed off and go pretty quickly to feed on a naive animal. Parasitemia in 'carrier' animals is so low that it's unlikely that they would transmit it. Normally, horseflies only feed every 3 days or so, so any parasites they might have on their mouthparts would die in between feedings. </p><p>Similarly, as a small trial conducted at KSU showed, WE can transmit anaplasmosis by using the same needles between animals. They had a cow with high parasitemia level, just about to become clinically ill... stuck a hypodermic needle in her, then stuck it in a naive cow; repeat, rinse... 6 of 10 naive cows became infected.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Lucky_P, post: 1594979, member: 12607"] pdf, Moving cows around the country, we've also moved anaplasmosis (and other diseases) around with them. Sometimes you get more than you bargained for... Unfortunately, the old Complement Fixation test we used to have was really poor... probably only detected maybe 15% of the infected animals - and those were probably the ones that were tested while in stages of clinical disease... it allowed a whole lot of persistently-infected but 'test-negative' animals to be moved across state lines. It was the 'state of the art' test at the time... but, in retrospect, it was really crappy. The cELISA test we now have is much more sensitive, and will detect those persistently-infected carrier animals, as well as animals in the incubation phase of the disease, as soon as 3 weeks or so after infection. Most of the A.marginale strains in the USA are best transmitted by ticks... but some strains, like those we encounter in FL and CA are effectively vectored by biting flies. When ticks feed on a 'carrier' animal, the parasite undergoes reproduction/amplification in the tick's intestinal and salivary gland epithelium - so, when that tick feeds on another cow, it can transmit large numbers of organisms, whereas biting flies can only transmit whatever number of parasites might happen to be on their mouthparts from taking a blood meal... and on a carrier animal, those numbers are so small that we can't even find them when we look at a stained blood smear. Yes, horseflies can transmit it here (and where you are), but they're not particularly effective at it - they'd have to be feeding on a clinically ill animal with a high level of parasitemia, get brushed off and go pretty quickly to feed on a naive animal. Parasitemia in 'carrier' animals is so low that it's unlikely that they would transmit it. Normally, horseflies only feed every 3 days or so, so any parasites they might have on their mouthparts would die in between feedings. Similarly, as a small trial conducted at KSU showed, WE can transmit anaplasmosis by using the same needles between animals. They had a cow with high parasitemia level, just about to become clinically ill... stuck a hypodermic needle in her, then stuck it in a naive cow; repeat, rinse... 6 of 10 naive cows became infected. [/QUOTE]
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