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<blockquote data-quote="flounder" data-source="post: 1841301" data-attributes="member: 3519"><p>LOL! Famous last words…</p><p></p><p>Transmission of the chronic wasting disease agent from elk to cattle after oronasal exposure</p><p></p><p>Justin Greenlee, Jifeng Bian, Zoe Lambert, Alexis Frese, and Eric Cassmann Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA</p><p></p><p>Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of cattle to chronic wasting disease agent from elk.</p><p></p><p>snip…</p><p></p><p>Results: Inoculum derived from MM132 elk resulted in similar attack rates and incubation periods in mice expressing wild type or K211 bovine PRNP, 35% at 531 days post inoculation (dpi) and 27% at 448 dpi, respectively. Inoculum from LM132 elk had a slightly higher attack rates in mice: 45% (693 dpi) in wild type cattle PRNP and 33% (468) in K211 mice. Inoculum from LL132 elk resulted in the highest attack rate in wild type bovinized mice (53% at 625 dpi), but no K211 mice were affected at >700 days. At approximately 70 mpi, the EK211 genotype steer developed clinical signs suggestive of prion disease, depression, low head carriage, hypersalivation, and ataxia, and was necropsied. Enzyme immunoassay (IDEXX) was positive in brainstem (OD=4.00, but non-detect in retropharyngeal lymph nodes and palatine tonsil. Immunoreactivity was largely limited to the brainstem, midbrain, and cervical spinal cord with a pattern that was primarily glia-associated.</p><p></p><p>Conclusions: Cattle with the E211K polymorphism are susceptible to the CWD agent after oronasal exposure of 0.2 g of infectious material.</p><p></p><p>Funded by: This research was funded in its entirety by congressionally appropriated funds to the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. The funders of the work did not influence study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</p><p></p><p>"Cattle with the E211K polymorphism are susceptible to the CWD agent after oronasal exposure of 0.2 g of infectious material."</p><p></p><p>=====end</p><p></p><p>Strain characterization of chronic wasting disease in bovine-PrP transgenic mice</p><p></p><p>Snip…</p><p></p><p>Conclusions: Altogether, these results exhibit the diversity of CWD strains present in the panel of CWD isolates and the ability of at least some CWD isolates to infect bovine species. Cattle being one of the most important farming species, this ability represents a potential threat to both animal and human health, and consequently deserves further study.</p><p></p><p>Funded by: MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR</p><p></p><p>Grant number: PCI2020-120680-2 ICRAD</p><p></p><p>"Altogether, these results exhibit the diversity of CWD strains present in the panel of CWD isolates and the ability of at least some CWD isolates to infect bovine species. Cattle being one of the most important farming species, this ability represents a potential threat to both animal and human health, and consequently deserves further study."</p><p></p><p>=====end</p><p></p><p><a href="https://prion2023.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Meeting-book-final-version2.pdf" target="_blank">https://prion2023.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Meeting-book-final-version2.pdf</a></p><p></p><p>Ruminant feed ban for cervids in the United States ?</p><p></p><p>Posted by flounder on 31 Jan 2015 at 20:14 GMT</p><p></p><p>Friday, December 14, 2012</p><p></p><p>DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012</p><p></p><p>snip...</p><p></p><p>In the USA, under the Food and Drug Administration's BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) most material (exceptions include milk, tallow, and gelatin) from deer and elk is prohibited for use in feed for ruminant animals. With regards to feed for non-ruminant animals, under FDA law, CWD positive deer may not be used for any animal feed or feed ingredients. For elk and deer considered at high risk for CWD, the FDA recommends that these animals do not enter the animal feed system. However, this recommendation is guidance and not a requirement by law.</p><p></p><p>Animals considered at high risk for CWD include:</p><p></p><p>1) animals from areas declared to be endemic for CWD and/or to be CWD eradication zones and</p><p></p><p>2) deer and elk that at some time during the 60-month period prior to slaughter were in a captive herd that contained a CWD-positive animal.</p><p></p><p>Therefore, in the USA, materials from cervids other than CWD positive animals may be used in animal feed and feed ingredients for non-ruminants.</p><p></p><p>The amount of animal PAP that is of deer and/or elk origin imported from the USA to GB can not be determined, however, as it is not specified in TRACES. It may constitute a small percentage of the 8412 kilos of non-fish origin processed animal proteins that were imported from US into GB in 2011.</p><p></p><p>Overall, therefore, it is considered there is a __greater than negligible risk___ that (nonruminant) animal feed and pet food containing deer and/or elk protein is imported into GB.</p><p></p><p>There is uncertainty associated with this estimate given the lack of data on the amount of deer and/or elk protein possibly being imported in these products.</p><p></p><p>snip...</p><p></p><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170404125557/http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130822084033/http://www.defra.gov.uk/animal-diseases/files/qra_chronic-wasting-disease-121029.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170404125557/http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130822084033/http://www.defra.gov.uk/animal-diseases/files/qra_chronic-wasting-disease-121029.pdf</a></p><p></p><p>Docket No. FDA-2003-D-0432 (formerly 03D-0186) Use of Material from Deer and Elk in Animal Feed </p><p></p><p>PUBLIC SUBMISSION</p><p></p><p>Terry Singeltary Sr.</p><p></p><p>Posted by the Food and Drug Administration on May 17, 2016</p><p></p><p>Docket No. FDA-2003-D-0432 (formerly 03D-0186) Use of Material from Deer and Elk in Animal Feed Singeltary Submission </p><p></p><p><a href="https://www.regulations.gov/comment/FDA-2003-D-0432-0011" target="_blank">https://www.regulations.gov/comment/FDA-2003-D-0432-0011</a></p><p></p><p>***> Monday, November 13, 2023</p><p></p><p>Food and Drug Administration's BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) Singeltary Another Request for Update 2023</p><p></p><p><a href="https://fdabse589.blogspot.com/2023/11/food-and-drug-administrations-bse-feed.html" target="_blank">https://fdabse589.blogspot.com/2023/11/food-and-drug-administrations-bse-feed.html</a></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="flounder, post: 1841301, member: 3519"] LOL! Famous last words… Transmission of the chronic wasting disease agent from elk to cattle after oronasal exposure Justin Greenlee, Jifeng Bian, Zoe Lambert, Alexis Frese, and Eric Cassmann Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of cattle to chronic wasting disease agent from elk. snip… Results: Inoculum derived from MM132 elk resulted in similar attack rates and incubation periods in mice expressing wild type or K211 bovine PRNP, 35% at 531 days post inoculation (dpi) and 27% at 448 dpi, respectively. Inoculum from LM132 elk had a slightly higher attack rates in mice: 45% (693 dpi) in wild type cattle PRNP and 33% (468) in K211 mice. Inoculum from LL132 elk resulted in the highest attack rate in wild type bovinized mice (53% at 625 dpi), but no K211 mice were affected at >700 days. At approximately 70 mpi, the EK211 genotype steer developed clinical signs suggestive of prion disease, depression, low head carriage, hypersalivation, and ataxia, and was necropsied. Enzyme immunoassay (IDEXX) was positive in brainstem (OD=4.00, but non-detect in retropharyngeal lymph nodes and palatine tonsil. Immunoreactivity was largely limited to the brainstem, midbrain, and cervical spinal cord with a pattern that was primarily glia-associated. Conclusions: Cattle with the E211K polymorphism are susceptible to the CWD agent after oronasal exposure of 0.2 g of infectious material. Funded by: This research was funded in its entirety by congressionally appropriated funds to the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. The funders of the work did not influence study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. "Cattle with the E211K polymorphism are susceptible to the CWD agent after oronasal exposure of 0.2 g of infectious material." =====end Strain characterization of chronic wasting disease in bovine-PrP transgenic mice Snip… Conclusions: Altogether, these results exhibit the diversity of CWD strains present in the panel of CWD isolates and the ability of at least some CWD isolates to infect bovine species. Cattle being one of the most important farming species, this ability represents a potential threat to both animal and human health, and consequently deserves further study. Funded by: MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and by European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR Grant number: PCI2020-120680-2 ICRAD "Altogether, these results exhibit the diversity of CWD strains present in the panel of CWD isolates and the ability of at least some CWD isolates to infect bovine species. Cattle being one of the most important farming species, this ability represents a potential threat to both animal and human health, and consequently deserves further study." =====end [URL]https://prion2023.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Meeting-book-final-version2.pdf[/URL] Ruminant feed ban for cervids in the United States ? Posted by flounder on 31 Jan 2015 at 20:14 GMT Friday, December 14, 2012 DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012 snip... In the USA, under the Food and Drug Administration's BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) most material (exceptions include milk, tallow, and gelatin) from deer and elk is prohibited for use in feed for ruminant animals. With regards to feed for non-ruminant animals, under FDA law, CWD positive deer may not be used for any animal feed or feed ingredients. For elk and deer considered at high risk for CWD, the FDA recommends that these animals do not enter the animal feed system. However, this recommendation is guidance and not a requirement by law. Animals considered at high risk for CWD include: 1) animals from areas declared to be endemic for CWD and/or to be CWD eradication zones and 2) deer and elk that at some time during the 60-month period prior to slaughter were in a captive herd that contained a CWD-positive animal. Therefore, in the USA, materials from cervids other than CWD positive animals may be used in animal feed and feed ingredients for non-ruminants. The amount of animal PAP that is of deer and/or elk origin imported from the USA to GB can not be determined, however, as it is not specified in TRACES. It may constitute a small percentage of the 8412 kilos of non-fish origin processed animal proteins that were imported from US into GB in 2011. Overall, therefore, it is considered there is a __greater than negligible risk___ that (nonruminant) animal feed and pet food containing deer and/or elk protein is imported into GB. There is uncertainty associated with this estimate given the lack of data on the amount of deer and/or elk protein possibly being imported in these products. snip... [URL]https://web.archive.org/web/20170404125557/http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130822084033/http://www.defra.gov.uk/animal-diseases/files/qra_chronic-wasting-disease-121029.pdf[/URL] Docket No. FDA-2003-D-0432 (formerly 03D-0186) Use of Material from Deer and Elk in Animal Feed PUBLIC SUBMISSION Terry Singeltary Sr. Posted by the Food and Drug Administration on May 17, 2016 Docket No. FDA-2003-D-0432 (formerly 03D-0186) Use of Material from Deer and Elk in Animal Feed Singeltary Submission [URL]https://www.regulations.gov/comment/FDA-2003-D-0432-0011[/URL] ***> Monday, November 13, 2023 Food and Drug Administration's BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) Singeltary Another Request for Update 2023 [URL]https://fdabse589.blogspot.com/2023/11/food-and-drug-administrations-bse-feed.html[/URL] [/QUOTE]
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