Lancemart - if your area is like here - rabies is a concern - and yes, you need a vet to vaccinate each year. Vets also have to Calfhood Vaccinate (Brucellosis vaccine). We worm late spring & fall.
There are two types of vaccines - Killed & Modified Live (MLV).
Killed is the safest, most expensive & least protection. May last a few months worth of protection. MUST have a booster within about 4 weeks when giving the first time - yearly thereafter.
MLV is not safe for PREGNANT cows or CALVES NURSING PREGNANT COWS. With that said, it is the cheapest & best protection - may give life time protection, but still recommended yearly boosters.
We use MLV. We vaccinate cows PRIOR to breeding in the spring with BoviShield 5L5 (IBR, PI3, BRSV, BVD & 5-way Lepto). Than it is safe to vaccinate the calves born after the cows have been vaccinated at any stage of their growth (after 3 months of age).
Pfizers product BoviShield is the ONLY MLV I know of that has label clearance to vaccinate this way.
We vaccinate calves when they are over 3 months so they have good protection when we wean. Than we vacc them again after weaning in the fall. Besides BS5, we give them a Pasteurella vaccine (One Shot is good - safe for nursing calves), Clostridal vaccine (safe for nursing calves).
Other MLV's can not be given to nursing calves - only after they are weaned.