The BSE situation dramatically altered U.S. beef export patterns in 2004. Japan and South Korea (and various other countries) ceased all imports of U.S. beef, while other countries initially closed borders, but reopened them within a matter of months. Beef exports to Mexico rebounded during the year, making it the leading destination for U.S. beef from 2004 to 2010. Smaller amounts of beef went to Canada, which itself had large supplies of beef following its own trade disruptions related to BSE. Exports to Japan resumed in the second half of 2006, but their growth has been relatively slow because of the restriction that U.S. beef to Japan can come only from animals 20 months of age or younger. Exports to South Korea resumed in 2007 are currently limited to beef from animals 30 months of age or younger.
In 2011, over one-third of total U.S. beef exports were to Canada and Mexico. Adding Japan and South Korea accounts for nearly two-thirds of U.S. beef exports, and growing shipments to other Asian countries, the Middle East, and Russia largely account for the remainder. Note: It is assumed that trade restrictions remain in place until policy changes are announced. For the latest details, see USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Animal and Animal Product Import and Export Information.