Have never seen it be a problem, though I suppose it can be in some cases. Have opened many a cow that died of some other problem, to find wads of baling twine, plastic bale cover, plastic grocery bags, etc., just along for the ride, not causing any problems.
Had a bottle calf one time that wouldn't stay in any fence. He'd go up and down the road frontage eating every piece of trash folks pitched out of their cars - and chewed up one leg on each of 4 new pair of Levi's I had hanging on the clothesline! That was the last straw...
Would have been interesting to see what he had in his rumen when we had him processed.