randiliana
Well-known member
So, you don't think you need to feed a mineral supplement to your cattle? Different areas have different requirements, but you most likely have some sort of deficiency in the area in which you live. Mineral deficiencies can cause many problems, almost all of them will affect your bottom line. Whether it results in dead or sick animals or ones that just do not grow as well as they should. We should all be aware of the way minerals interact, and how deficiencies affect our animals.Also, realize that most minerals can be come toxic at a certain level. Some levels are quite low and some are extremely low.
Calcium (Ca) - Is required for growth of bone and teeth, blood clotting, muscle retraction and milk production (%12 in whole milk). Deficiency causes, rickets, poor bone development slow growth and poor milk production. Good sources, legume hay, limestone, dicalcium phosphate. Works with Phosphourous. Interacts with phosphourous.
Phosphorous (P) - Is required for bone and teeth formation, carbohydrate, protien and energy metabloisim, DNA, RNA, Milk production muscle and nerve function. Deficiency causes fragile bones, poor growth, depraved appetite and poor milk production. Good sources, Phosphates, Grain, grain by-products, oil seed meals. Works with Calcium.
Magnesium (Mg) - Is required for, Enzyme activator, bones and skeletal tissue. Deficiency causes,grass tetany, reduced milk production, reduced conception, winter tetany. Good sources Magnesium oxide, legume forages.
Sulphur (S) - Is required for, rumen processes, cartilage, tendons and amino acids. Deficiency causes, slow growth, reduced milk yeild and reduced feed efficiency. Good sources, elemental sulfur, sodium sulphates, potassium sulphates, legume forages.
Chloride (Cl) - Is required for digestion. Deficiencies are not understood. Good sources, common salt.
Sodium (Na) - Is required for Acid-base balance, muscle contraction, nerve transmission. Deficiency causes salt craving, reduced appetite, incoordination, weakness and shivering. Good sources, common salt. Works with Potassium and Chloride.
Potassium (K) - Is required for, maintenance of electrolyte balance, enzyme activator, muscle and nerve function, maintains cellular water balance. Deficiency causes, reduced feed intake, rough haircoat, low blood potassium, stiff joints. Good sources, legume feeds, potassium chloride, potassium sulphate. Works with sodium
Iodine (I) - Is required for synthesis of thyroxine. Deficiency causes, goiter, reduced fertility, reduced milk production, reduced weaning weights, retained placenta. Can cause blind, weak, hairless or still born calves. Good sources, iodized salt, trace mineralized salt, mineral supplements.
Iron (Fe) - Is required for hemoglobin, many enzyme systems. Deficiency causes anemia. Good sources, forages, grains, trace mineralized salt, mineral supplements.
Copper (Cu) - Is required for the manufacture of hemoglobin (blood), collagen development, reproduction, immunity, production of enzymes. Deficiency causes, severe diarreah, abnormal appetite, poor growth, coarse, bleached hair coat, brittle bones, reduced immunity. Works with Mo, Se, Fe, S and Zn.
Molybdenum (Mo) - Required for enzyme function. Deficiency causes loss of weight, emaciation, diarreah. Good sources, widely distributed in feed, deficiency is rarely a problem. Works with Cu.
Cobalt (Co) - Required for production of Vit B12 in rumen, needed for growth of rumen micro-organisims. Deficiency causes depressed appetite, anemia, reduced milk production, rough haircoat, listlessness. Good sources, trace mineralized salt, mineral supplements, summer forages and silage.
Manganese (Mn) - Is required for growth, bone formation, enzyme activator, reproduction. Deficiency causes delayed or decreased signs of estrus, poor conception, contracted or twisted fetlocs in newborn calves, increased abortion, poor growth, lowered birth weight. Excess Ca and P can inhibit Mn. Good sources, trace minealized salt, mineral supplements.
Flourine (F) - Unknown how important this is to ruminants. Deficiency causes, reduced feed intake, stiffness in legs, enlarged bones. Good sources, rock phosphate.
Zinc (Zn) - Is required for, enzyme activator, wound healing, immune response and hoof health. Deficiency causes decreased weight gain, reduced feed efficiency/intake, skin and wound problems, footrot, foot infections, reduced fertility in bulls, excessive salivation, deficiency inhibits use of Vit A. Critical deficiency results in thickened skin, hairloss and lesions around the mouth and nose. Good sources, forages, trace mineralized salt, zinc methionine
Selenium (Se) - Is required for functions with enzymes, associated with Vit E, immune system. Deficiency causes, White Muscle disease, retained placenta, reduced immune system, weak or dead newborns, lowered fertility. Good sources, legume forages mineral supplements. Acute toxicity sumptoms, abnormal movement, dark and watery diarreah, increased and weak pulse, laboured respiration, pale mucous membranes, dialated pupils, sudden death. Acute toxicity is not treatable. Chronic toxiciy can cause one of two problems. Shorter term toxicity - (Blind Staggers) staggering, anorexia, visual imparment, and more severly blindness, paralysis of tongue and throat, rapid laboured breathing and death. Or it's more long term toxicity which can take years to manifest- (Alkali disease) emaciation, anemia, stiffness of joints, lameness, rough hair coat, loss of long hair, hoof sloughing and deformities. Functions with Vitamin E.
Molybdenum (Mo) - Required for enzyme function. Deficiency causes loss of weight, emaciation, diarreah. Good sources, widely distributed in feed, deficiency is rarely a problem.
For a more complete look
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/beef/as1287w.htm
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/dairy/as1271w.htm[/b]
Calcium (Ca) - Is required for growth of bone and teeth, blood clotting, muscle retraction and milk production (%12 in whole milk). Deficiency causes, rickets, poor bone development slow growth and poor milk production. Good sources, legume hay, limestone, dicalcium phosphate. Works with Phosphourous. Interacts with phosphourous.
Phosphorous (P) - Is required for bone and teeth formation, carbohydrate, protien and energy metabloisim, DNA, RNA, Milk production muscle and nerve function. Deficiency causes fragile bones, poor growth, depraved appetite and poor milk production. Good sources, Phosphates, Grain, grain by-products, oil seed meals. Works with Calcium.
Magnesium (Mg) - Is required for, Enzyme activator, bones and skeletal tissue. Deficiency causes,grass tetany, reduced milk production, reduced conception, winter tetany. Good sources Magnesium oxide, legume forages.
Sulphur (S) - Is required for, rumen processes, cartilage, tendons and amino acids. Deficiency causes, slow growth, reduced milk yeild and reduced feed efficiency. Good sources, elemental sulfur, sodium sulphates, potassium sulphates, legume forages.
Chloride (Cl) - Is required for digestion. Deficiencies are not understood. Good sources, common salt.
Sodium (Na) - Is required for Acid-base balance, muscle contraction, nerve transmission. Deficiency causes salt craving, reduced appetite, incoordination, weakness and shivering. Good sources, common salt. Works with Potassium and Chloride.
Potassium (K) - Is required for, maintenance of electrolyte balance, enzyme activator, muscle and nerve function, maintains cellular water balance. Deficiency causes, reduced feed intake, rough haircoat, low blood potassium, stiff joints. Good sources, legume feeds, potassium chloride, potassium sulphate. Works with sodium
Iodine (I) - Is required for synthesis of thyroxine. Deficiency causes, goiter, reduced fertility, reduced milk production, reduced weaning weights, retained placenta. Can cause blind, weak, hairless or still born calves. Good sources, iodized salt, trace mineralized salt, mineral supplements.
Iron (Fe) - Is required for hemoglobin, many enzyme systems. Deficiency causes anemia. Good sources, forages, grains, trace mineralized salt, mineral supplements.
Copper (Cu) - Is required for the manufacture of hemoglobin (blood), collagen development, reproduction, immunity, production of enzymes. Deficiency causes, severe diarreah, abnormal appetite, poor growth, coarse, bleached hair coat, brittle bones, reduced immunity. Works with Mo, Se, Fe, S and Zn.
Molybdenum (Mo) - Required for enzyme function. Deficiency causes loss of weight, emaciation, diarreah. Good sources, widely distributed in feed, deficiency is rarely a problem. Works with Cu.
Cobalt (Co) - Required for production of Vit B12 in rumen, needed for growth of rumen micro-organisims. Deficiency causes depressed appetite, anemia, reduced milk production, rough haircoat, listlessness. Good sources, trace mineralized salt, mineral supplements, summer forages and silage.
Manganese (Mn) - Is required for growth, bone formation, enzyme activator, reproduction. Deficiency causes delayed or decreased signs of estrus, poor conception, contracted or twisted fetlocs in newborn calves, increased abortion, poor growth, lowered birth weight. Excess Ca and P can inhibit Mn. Good sources, trace minealized salt, mineral supplements.
Flourine (F) - Unknown how important this is to ruminants. Deficiency causes, reduced feed intake, stiffness in legs, enlarged bones. Good sources, rock phosphate.
Zinc (Zn) - Is required for, enzyme activator, wound healing, immune response and hoof health. Deficiency causes decreased weight gain, reduced feed efficiency/intake, skin and wound problems, footrot, foot infections, reduced fertility in bulls, excessive salivation, deficiency inhibits use of Vit A. Critical deficiency results in thickened skin, hairloss and lesions around the mouth and nose. Good sources, forages, trace mineralized salt, zinc methionine
Selenium (Se) - Is required for functions with enzymes, associated with Vit E, immune system. Deficiency causes, White Muscle disease, retained placenta, reduced immune system, weak or dead newborns, lowered fertility. Good sources, legume forages mineral supplements. Acute toxicity sumptoms, abnormal movement, dark and watery diarreah, increased and weak pulse, laboured respiration, pale mucous membranes, dialated pupils, sudden death. Acute toxicity is not treatable. Chronic toxiciy can cause one of two problems. Shorter term toxicity - (Blind Staggers) staggering, anorexia, visual imparment, and more severly blindness, paralysis of tongue and throat, rapid laboured breathing and death. Or it's more long term toxicity which can take years to manifest- (Alkali disease) emaciation, anemia, stiffness of joints, lameness, rough hair coat, loss of long hair, hoof sloughing and deformities. Functions with Vitamin E.
Molybdenum (Mo) - Required for enzyme function. Deficiency causes loss of weight, emaciation, diarreah. Good sources, widely distributed in feed, deficiency is rarely a problem.
For a more complete look
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/beef/as1287w.htm
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/dairy/as1271w.htm[/b]
