MAD COW DISEASE terminology UK c-BSE (typical), atypical BSE H or L, and or
Italian L-BASE
Greetings,
I thought i might try and sort things out about this a bit. Some folks seem
to be a bit confused,(confusious included has been confused a time or two to
be sure). but i think some clarification needs to be done. you can interpret
it the way you want. i have my opinions on why i interpret the science one
way, you may have yours. here goes ;
WE first heard of the atypical called BASE Bovine Amyloidotic Spongiform
Encephalopathy (Italy), and it was said then that the molecular signature of
this previously undescribed bovine PrPSc was similar to that encountered in
a distinct subtype of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The Italian BASE
Bovine Amyloidotic Spongiform Encephalopathy termed that due to the 'amyloid
plaques'.
THIS is where i start to have problems with the term. if you will recall,
the first ten nvCJD in young adolescents, 'amyloid plaques' were used then
to differentiate between the sporadic CJDs and nvCJD, UNTIL the 'amyloid
plaques' stared showing up in some sporadic CJDs. now (10%) amyloid
deposits, called prion protein (PrP) amyloid plaques, may be observed in
sporadic CJD.
ALSO, with the BASE, you will find that some want to hypothesize that the
BASE is just BSE in older cattle.
well, if that was the case, then would not sporadic CJD be just nvCJD in old
people?
ALSO, it was said that nvCJD was only in the young. this too was part of a
diagnostic criteria to differentiate between the nvCJD and sporadic CJDs,
until sCJD started showing up in young adolescents.
ALSO, it was said that only the nvCJD have long incubation period, this too
was part of diagnostic criteria to differentiate between the nvCJD and
sporadic CJDs, until the long incubation started showing up in some sporadic
CJDs.
ALSO, it was said that on the nvCJD victims had psychological mental
symptoms, not the sporadic CJDs, that too until the psychological and mental
symptoms started showing up in some of the sporadic CJDs.
FOR these reasons, I cannot accept that the difference in bands and mass
(heavier or lighter), are the meaning of another different strain
differentiating between UK c-BSE (typical), atypical BSE H or L, and or
Italian L-BASE.
I think i might be partly to blame for the confusion, because sometimes i
will use BASE, and sometimes i will use atypical BSE, h or l. same with the
nvCJD, i still catch myself using that term, as opposed to the newest
terminology of vCJD.
kind regards,
terry
http://downercattle.blogspot.com/2008/0 ... pical.html
http://downercattle.blogspot.com/
SEE FULL TEXT WITH SOURCES
Sunday, March 16, 2008
MAD COW DISEASE terminology UK c-BSE (typical), atypical BSE H or L, and or
Italian L-BASE
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/0 ... c-bse.html
Beyond PrPres Type 1/Type 2 Dichotomy in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Emmanuelle Uro-Coste1#, Hervé Cassard2#, Stéphanie Simon3, Séverine Lugan2,
Jean-Marc Bilheude4, Armand Perret-Liaudet5, James W. Ironside6, Stéphane
Haik7,8, Christelle Basset-Leobon1, Caroline Lacroux2, Katell Peoch'9,
Nathalie Streichenberger5, Jan Langeveld10, Mark W. Head6, Jacques Grassi3,
Jean-Jacques Hauw8, Francois Schelcher2, Marie Bernadette Delisle1, Olivier
Andréoletti2*
1 INSERM U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil and Service
d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, C.H.U. Rangueil, Toulouse,
France2 UMR Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)/Ecole
Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT) 1225, Interactions Hôtes Agents
Pathogènes, ENVT, Toulouse, France3 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA),
Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunologie, DRM, CEA/Saclay, Gif sur Yvette,
France4 Bio-Rad, Research and Development Department, Marnes-la-Coquette,
France5 Hôpital Neurologique, Services de Neurochimie et de Pathologie,
Bron, France6 National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, Division
of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh,
United Kingdom7 INSERM, Equipe Avenir, Maladies à Prions chez l'Homme,
Paris, France8 Neuropathology Laboratory, Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP,
Paris, France9 Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital
Lariboisière, Paris (Laboratoire associé au CNR "ATNC") et EA 3621 Faculté
de Pharmacie, Paris, France10 Central Institute for Animal Disease Control
CIDC-Lelystad, Lelystad, The Netherlands
Abstract
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) cases are currently subclassified
according to the methionine/valine polymorphism at codon 129 of the PRNP
gene and the proteinase K (PK) digested abnormal prion protein (PrPres)
identified on Western blotting (type 1 or type 2). These biochemically
distinct PrPres types have been considered to represent potential distinct
prion strains. However, since cases of CJD show co-occurrence of type 1 and
type 2 PrPres in the brain, the basis of this classification system and its
relationship to agent strain are under discussion. Different brain areas
from 41 sCJD and 12 iatrogenic CJD (iCJD) cases were investigated, using
Western blotting for PrPres and two other biochemical assays reflecting the
behaviour of the disease-associated form of the prion protein (PrPSc) under
variable PK digestion conditions. In 30% of cases, both type 1 and type 2
PrPres were identified. Despite this, the other two biochemical assays found
that PrPSc from an individual patient demonstrated uniform biochemical
properties. Moreover, in sCJD, four distinct biochemical PrPSc subgroups
were identified that correlated with the current sCJD clinico-pathological
classification. In iCJD, four similar biochemical clusters were observed,
but these did not correlate to any particular PRNP 129 polymorphism or
western blot PrPres pattern. The identification of four different PrPSc
biochemical subgroups in sCJD and iCJD, irrespective of the PRNP
polymorphism at codon 129 and the PrPres isoform provides an alternative
biochemical definition of PrPSc diversity and new insight in the perception
of Human TSE agents variability.
snip...
Prion Strains and PrPSc Phenotype
Although prion strains can only be identified definitively by bioassay,
molecular in vitro tools to characterize PrPSc are more and more widely used
for the rapid identification of particular agents, such as BSE in cattle,
sheep, rodent and humans (vCJD) [20],[21]. This has come to be termed
"molecular strain typing" and although widely employed, the exact
relationship between PrPSc biochemistry and the biological properties of the
agents responsible remain to be determined. In sCJD, the presence of four
distinct PrPSc biochemical forms apparently correlated to
clinico-pathological phenotypes as defined by Parchi et al. [2] could be an
indication of the involvement of different TSE agents.
iCJD cases are a consequence of accidental human to human TSE transmission,
most likely representing transmission of sCJD. The identification in iCJD
cases of the four PrPSc signatures identified in sCJD is consistent with the
existence of distinct prions associated with these biochemical forms.
Three examples of human-to-human transmission of variant CJD through blood
transfusion have now been identified. While all blood donors were MM at
codon 129 PRNP, the recipients had either a MM (n = 2) or a MV genotype (n =
1). Despite this genotype difference there appears to have been conservation
of the disease phenotype and PrPres type in all "secondary" vCJD cases
[22]–[25]. These observations could suggest that in case of inter-human
transmission, difference in donor/recipient genotype could result in
un-altered abnormal PrP signature.
Our identification of MM GH iCJD cases harbouring similar PrPSc signature as
a VV1 sCJD case or of a VV dura mater iCJD case similar to MM2 sCJD might
indicate preservation of a specific PrPSc biochemical signature after human
to human transmission between individuals of different codon 129 genotypes.
Treatment with extracts of GH contaminated by CJD has lead to a high number
of iCJD cases in France and the UK. The codon 129 genotypes of the affected
individuals in the two countries differ, with the French cohort
predominantly MM and MV and the British cohort MV and VV [26]. In the
absence of any clear explanation for this finding, it was suggested that it
might be due to contamination of different batches of GH with different
prion strains from individuals of differing PRNP codon 129 genotypes. Our
identification of different biochemical forms of PrPSc in GH French patients
and in UK patients is consistent with this hypothesis. The variability
observed within the French GH cases could signify involvement of different
prion strains, consistent with multiple contaminated GH batches in the
French epidemic.
Conclusion
The identification in this study of different PrPSc species in CJD patients
with the same PRNP polymorphism at codon 129 and WB PrPres profile offers a
new perspective on our understanding of the relationship between PrP
biochemistry, prion disease phenotype and agent strain. We highlight two
novel approaches to analysing PrPSc in sCJD and iCJD and offer evidence that
these analyses provide potentially-strain associated information, which
appears to be lacking from the conventional WB assay.
snip...
SEE FULL TEXT ;
http://www.plospathogens.org/article/in ... at.1000029
Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Singeltary, Sr et al. JAMA.2001; 285: 733-734.
Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150
words of the full text and any section headings.
To the Editor:
In their Research Letter, Dr Gibbons and colleagues1 reported that the
annual US death rate due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has been stable
since 1985. These estimates, however, are based only on reported cases, and
do not include misdiagnosed or preclinical cases. It seems to me that
misdiagnosis alone would drastically change these figures. An unknown number
of persons with a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease in fact may have CJD,
although only a small number of these patients receive the postmortem
examination necessary to make this diagnosis. Furthermore, only a few states
have made CJD reportable. Human and animal transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies should be reportable nationwide and internationally.
Terry S. Singeltary, Sr
Bacliff, Tex
1. Gibbons RV, Holman RC, Belay ED, Schonberger LB. Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease in the United States: 1979-1998. JAMA. 2000;284:2322-2323. FREE FULL
TEXT
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/ex ... type=HWCIT
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
MARCH 26, 2003
In light of the findings of Asante and Collinge et al, there
should be drastic measures to safeguard the medical and surgical arena
from sporadic CJDs and all human TSEs. I only ponder how many sporadic
CJDs in the USA are type 2 PrPSc?
http://www.neurology.org/cgi/eletters/60/2/176#535
TSS
Italian L-BASE
Greetings,
I thought i might try and sort things out about this a bit. Some folks seem
to be a bit confused,(confusious included has been confused a time or two to
be sure). but i think some clarification needs to be done. you can interpret
it the way you want. i have my opinions on why i interpret the science one
way, you may have yours. here goes ;
WE first heard of the atypical called BASE Bovine Amyloidotic Spongiform
Encephalopathy (Italy), and it was said then that the molecular signature of
this previously undescribed bovine PrPSc was similar to that encountered in
a distinct subtype of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The Italian BASE
Bovine Amyloidotic Spongiform Encephalopathy termed that due to the 'amyloid
plaques'.
THIS is where i start to have problems with the term. if you will recall,
the first ten nvCJD in young adolescents, 'amyloid plaques' were used then
to differentiate between the sporadic CJDs and nvCJD, UNTIL the 'amyloid
plaques' stared showing up in some sporadic CJDs. now (10%) amyloid
deposits, called prion protein (PrP) amyloid plaques, may be observed in
sporadic CJD.
ALSO, with the BASE, you will find that some want to hypothesize that the
BASE is just BSE in older cattle.
well, if that was the case, then would not sporadic CJD be just nvCJD in old
people?
ALSO, it was said that nvCJD was only in the young. this too was part of a
diagnostic criteria to differentiate between the nvCJD and sporadic CJDs,
until sCJD started showing up in young adolescents.
ALSO, it was said that only the nvCJD have long incubation period, this too
was part of diagnostic criteria to differentiate between the nvCJD and
sporadic CJDs, until the long incubation started showing up in some sporadic
CJDs.
ALSO, it was said that on the nvCJD victims had psychological mental
symptoms, not the sporadic CJDs, that too until the psychological and mental
symptoms started showing up in some of the sporadic CJDs.
FOR these reasons, I cannot accept that the difference in bands and mass
(heavier or lighter), are the meaning of another different strain
differentiating between UK c-BSE (typical), atypical BSE H or L, and or
Italian L-BASE.
I think i might be partly to blame for the confusion, because sometimes i
will use BASE, and sometimes i will use atypical BSE, h or l. same with the
nvCJD, i still catch myself using that term, as opposed to the newest
terminology of vCJD.
kind regards,
terry
http://downercattle.blogspot.com/2008/0 ... pical.html
http://downercattle.blogspot.com/
SEE FULL TEXT WITH SOURCES
Sunday, March 16, 2008
MAD COW DISEASE terminology UK c-BSE (typical), atypical BSE H or L, and or
Italian L-BASE
http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2008/0 ... c-bse.html
Beyond PrPres Type 1/Type 2 Dichotomy in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Emmanuelle Uro-Coste1#, Hervé Cassard2#, Stéphanie Simon3, Séverine Lugan2,
Jean-Marc Bilheude4, Armand Perret-Liaudet5, James W. Ironside6, Stéphane
Haik7,8, Christelle Basset-Leobon1, Caroline Lacroux2, Katell Peoch'9,
Nathalie Streichenberger5, Jan Langeveld10, Mark W. Head6, Jacques Grassi3,
Jean-Jacques Hauw8, Francois Schelcher2, Marie Bernadette Delisle1, Olivier
Andréoletti2*
1 INSERM U858, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil and Service
d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, C.H.U. Rangueil, Toulouse,
France2 UMR Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)/Ecole
Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT) 1225, Interactions Hôtes Agents
Pathogènes, ENVT, Toulouse, France3 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA),
Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunologie, DRM, CEA/Saclay, Gif sur Yvette,
France4 Bio-Rad, Research and Development Department, Marnes-la-Coquette,
France5 Hôpital Neurologique, Services de Neurochimie et de Pathologie,
Bron, France6 National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, Division
of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh,
United Kingdom7 INSERM, Equipe Avenir, Maladies à Prions chez l'Homme,
Paris, France8 Neuropathology Laboratory, Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP,
Paris, France9 Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital
Lariboisière, Paris (Laboratoire associé au CNR "ATNC") et EA 3621 Faculté
de Pharmacie, Paris, France10 Central Institute for Animal Disease Control
CIDC-Lelystad, Lelystad, The Netherlands
Abstract
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) cases are currently subclassified
according to the methionine/valine polymorphism at codon 129 of the PRNP
gene and the proteinase K (PK) digested abnormal prion protein (PrPres)
identified on Western blotting (type 1 or type 2). These biochemically
distinct PrPres types have been considered to represent potential distinct
prion strains. However, since cases of CJD show co-occurrence of type 1 and
type 2 PrPres in the brain, the basis of this classification system and its
relationship to agent strain are under discussion. Different brain areas
from 41 sCJD and 12 iatrogenic CJD (iCJD) cases were investigated, using
Western blotting for PrPres and two other biochemical assays reflecting the
behaviour of the disease-associated form of the prion protein (PrPSc) under
variable PK digestion conditions. In 30% of cases, both type 1 and type 2
PrPres were identified. Despite this, the other two biochemical assays found
that PrPSc from an individual patient demonstrated uniform biochemical
properties. Moreover, in sCJD, four distinct biochemical PrPSc subgroups
were identified that correlated with the current sCJD clinico-pathological
classification. In iCJD, four similar biochemical clusters were observed,
but these did not correlate to any particular PRNP 129 polymorphism or
western blot PrPres pattern. The identification of four different PrPSc
biochemical subgroups in sCJD and iCJD, irrespective of the PRNP
polymorphism at codon 129 and the PrPres isoform provides an alternative
biochemical definition of PrPSc diversity and new insight in the perception
of Human TSE agents variability.
snip...
Prion Strains and PrPSc Phenotype
Although prion strains can only be identified definitively by bioassay,
molecular in vitro tools to characterize PrPSc are more and more widely used
for the rapid identification of particular agents, such as BSE in cattle,
sheep, rodent and humans (vCJD) [20],[21]. This has come to be termed
"molecular strain typing" and although widely employed, the exact
relationship between PrPSc biochemistry and the biological properties of the
agents responsible remain to be determined. In sCJD, the presence of four
distinct PrPSc biochemical forms apparently correlated to
clinico-pathological phenotypes as defined by Parchi et al. [2] could be an
indication of the involvement of different TSE agents.
iCJD cases are a consequence of accidental human to human TSE transmission,
most likely representing transmission of sCJD. The identification in iCJD
cases of the four PrPSc signatures identified in sCJD is consistent with the
existence of distinct prions associated with these biochemical forms.
Three examples of human-to-human transmission of variant CJD through blood
transfusion have now been identified. While all blood donors were MM at
codon 129 PRNP, the recipients had either a MM (n = 2) or a MV genotype (n =
1). Despite this genotype difference there appears to have been conservation
of the disease phenotype and PrPres type in all "secondary" vCJD cases
[22]–[25]. These observations could suggest that in case of inter-human
transmission, difference in donor/recipient genotype could result in
un-altered abnormal PrP signature.
Our identification of MM GH iCJD cases harbouring similar PrPSc signature as
a VV1 sCJD case or of a VV dura mater iCJD case similar to MM2 sCJD might
indicate preservation of a specific PrPSc biochemical signature after human
to human transmission between individuals of different codon 129 genotypes.
Treatment with extracts of GH contaminated by CJD has lead to a high number
of iCJD cases in France and the UK. The codon 129 genotypes of the affected
individuals in the two countries differ, with the French cohort
predominantly MM and MV and the British cohort MV and VV [26]. In the
absence of any clear explanation for this finding, it was suggested that it
might be due to contamination of different batches of GH with different
prion strains from individuals of differing PRNP codon 129 genotypes. Our
identification of different biochemical forms of PrPSc in GH French patients
and in UK patients is consistent with this hypothesis. The variability
observed within the French GH cases could signify involvement of different
prion strains, consistent with multiple contaminated GH batches in the
French epidemic.
Conclusion
The identification in this study of different PrPSc species in CJD patients
with the same PRNP polymorphism at codon 129 and WB PrPres profile offers a
new perspective on our understanding of the relationship between PrP
biochemistry, prion disease phenotype and agent strain. We highlight two
novel approaches to analysing PrPSc in sCJD and iCJD and offer evidence that
these analyses provide potentially-strain associated information, which
appears to be lacking from the conventional WB assay.
snip...
SEE FULL TEXT ;
http://www.plospathogens.org/article/in ... at.1000029
Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Singeltary, Sr et al. JAMA.2001; 285: 733-734.
Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150
words of the full text and any section headings.
To the Editor:
In their Research Letter, Dr Gibbons and colleagues1 reported that the
annual US death rate due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has been stable
since 1985. These estimates, however, are based only on reported cases, and
do not include misdiagnosed or preclinical cases. It seems to me that
misdiagnosis alone would drastically change these figures. An unknown number
of persons with a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease in fact may have CJD,
although only a small number of these patients receive the postmortem
examination necessary to make this diagnosis. Furthermore, only a few states
have made CJD reportable. Human and animal transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies should be reportable nationwide and internationally.
Terry S. Singeltary, Sr
Bacliff, Tex
1. Gibbons RV, Holman RC, Belay ED, Schonberger LB. Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease in the United States: 1979-1998. JAMA. 2000;284:2322-2323. FREE FULL
TEXT
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/ex ... type=HWCIT
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
MARCH 26, 2003
In light of the findings of Asante and Collinge et al, there
should be drastic measures to safeguard the medical and surgical arena
from sporadic CJDs and all human TSEs. I only ponder how many sporadic
CJDs in the USA are type 2 PrPSc?
http://www.neurology.org/cgi/eletters/60/2/176#535
TSS
