Ok. Having done 4 of these now, on different soil types, I think I understand why the whole thing just doesn't slide out in direction of strain.
Look first at a conventional "H" post setup. We all know, on a good fence, stretched tight, that a single post won't stand up straight for long, unless 1 or 2 things are done. Use a much bigger diameter post and/or bury it much deeper in the ground. It's all about the underground surface area the post encounters should it try to move. The deeper the post is, the more square inches/sq feet of compacted soil it has to overcome in order to move. Same holds true for using a wider post. More square area. Most of us don't like to use a 14" or bigger post and don't like to have to bury that post 5' in the ground, so we just add a second post of the same diameter and bury it about the same depth as the opposite post. This in effect, doubles the surface area underground, meaning the strain is absorbed by the additional surface area presented to the 2 posts. Pretty basic stuff--been done for centuries no matter which position the horizontal member is installed.
Floating braces are also all about surface area, but with a twist. Angles (geometry) are involved. At first glance it really does appear the whole apparatus would just slide in direction of strain, but that isn't possible without some angles changing in the process.
(The "35 deg" text in the floating brace diagram is in error. It should be somewhere in the 60-70 degree angle--certainly more than 45 degrees)
In the above diagram, you see the comparison of an "H" post setup. The 2 surface areas (cross sections "A" and "B" of the 2 vertical posts) are combined thru use of the horizontal brace to resist the wire strain. Nominally, some resistance is added by the back side of each post's surface should lower part of the back of the posts try to move to the right. This tries to happen when you have a soft top few inches, a hard dry area a little further down, then a soggy or soft bottom substrate. The posts want to 'pivot' about half way down--but can't.
In the floating brace, it also uses surface area. The single vertical post (with it's cross section "A") provides the same front and back surface area as a single post in the "H" setup. The diagonal brace rests on a flat support--rock, board, steel plate. The surface area of this support is approximately that of the second vertical post in the "H" design. It's these combined cross sections "A" and "B" surface areas that resist the strain. So why doesn't the whole thing slide in direction of strain?
It can't, without the angles of the diagonal brace changing. The only way the angles can change, is if the support (rock) is pushed down into the ground, or if the bottom end of the diagonal post moves upward. Hopefully, the support rock has enough cross section to resist being pushed down, and that just leaves the problem of the diagonal moving upward. It cannot, as Dun stated, due to the ratchet block and wire locking it securely to the bottom of the big vertical post. In soggy ground, just use a rock with a bigger cross section area.
Another question that popped up in my mind was "Why does the diagonal brace post need to be so long?"
"Brace needs to have a length equal to the measurement of your top wire to the ground level--doubled".
I found out why. Using a short post (6 1/2 ft) creates a sharp angle--a little less than 45 degrees. When you tighten the ratchet block, the force is much closer to a vertical force than a horizontal force--it tends to push the big vertical post out of the ground. This can really be a problem in regions with a deep frost line, since there is already a significant upward force in winter--no sense helping the frost with it's job. Using a longer diagonal, moves to applied force "closer" to a 90 deg or horizontal force, and won't push the vertical post out of the ground.
In my case, my top wires are around 55" from ground, so that diagonal needs to be about 110" long. That's over 8' long. Hard to find around here, but a treated 4x4 8 or 10 ft long will work.
Anyway, that's my thoughts on 'em and I'm sold on this type corner or end brace. They aren't imo, as visually pleasing as an "H" post setup, but the cows don't care so I won't either. Not having to dig that 2nd big deep hole and not having to handle a 2nd cross tie or utility pole is wonderful!!