The "club calf" started as small calves which was used for 4-H club projects.
Mainly steers but there are alot of heifer shows now a days as well. Yes, they have more hair than your "average" critter. They are big boned, big hippped, and in big demand here. Most of the clubby sires are a composite and used for a terminal cross. Simmy, maine, and espically shorthorn. You will see the shortys with the most hair on average. Most club calf sires will get a calf too straight. Their legs will be too posty and the slope to the shoulder too steep. That will cause problems if not watched closely. I breed club calves one generation then put a maternal bull on them for a year. This year it is red angus. Last year it was a Meyer 734 simmy son and the year before a hereford. Won't see too much of the clubby thing in the southern states, most of those states have gone to a slick show and steer jocks do not like that at all. Ohio, IN, Iowa the dakotas all pretty Big into the clubbies.
As for tapeworm's comment...there are crooked steer jocks and club calf breeders as well as crooked herf, brangus, simmy breeders. Every breed and/or organization has their bad eggs.
Hope I answered your questions.